{"id":29002,"date":"2010-12-14T12:20:00","date_gmt":"2010-12-14T12:20:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-05-14T18:40:51","modified_gmt":"2020-05-14T18:40:51","slug":"4002-lights-out-in-a-us-bulb-factory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/4002-lights-out-in-a-us-bulb-factory\/","title":{"rendered":"Lights out in a US bulb factory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nestled in the orchards of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shenandoah_Valley\">Shenandoah Valley<\/a> in Virginia, <span>the city of <\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winchester,_Virginia\">Winchester<\/a> has seen its share of economic changes. In October, a confluence of clean-energy regulation and high manufacturing costs forced the closure of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ge.com\/\">General Electric<\/a>&rsquo;s Winchester lamp plant with the loss of 200 jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The manufacturing group concluded that US workers were too costly and lacked the necessary skills to make the new, curled energy-efficient light bulbs. Production, like so much of the clean-energy industry, is shifting abroad, notably to China, where GE announced on November 9 a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2010-11-09\/general-electric-to-spend-2-billion-on-china-technology-finance-ventures.html\">US$2 billion investment<\/a> to boost innovation and set up joint ventures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>To workers in Winchester, a pre-American revolution frontier town, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incandescent_light_bulb\">incandescent bulb<\/a> &ndash; virtually unchanged in a century &ndash; may be outdated but GE&rsquo;s refusal to equip the factory to make <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compact_fluorescent_lamp\">energy-efficient bulbs<\/a> amounts to a slap in the face.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Political leaders, they say, recite a mantra of hope but they have little to show for their words. &ldquo;[President Barack] Obama talks about bringing green jobs to America but they&rsquo;re going to China and it doesn&rsquo;t seem right,&rdquo; said Brady Allen, an engineer now working in a retail auto-parts store near the shuttered GE plant. &ldquo;It&#8217;s not new to be losing jobs, but it&#8217;s escalating. People don&rsquo;t realise how bad it is. They&rsquo;ve worked all their lives and had no idea they would have to go through this.&rdquo; Blaming China for US trade and employment problems is now an established lexicon of the political and industrial, complaints that risk setting off a trade war.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In October, after the powerful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usw.org\/\">United Steelworkers<\/a> union <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:-7NvbHRqmJIJ:assets.usw.org\/releases\/misc\/section-301.pdf+wto&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEEShWR9IZ0SwF80KWWU46vP78crgFMAnQ73SL1_u6geEhGi7eQFMFL5mPtFcpZbnuwTEOxafQex9meVQynLr3xlHhAuVnKQo9wEZNe5NfEKkpPD7Ik-o0Sluj-d5TtDGjH\">complained about China<\/a> ignoring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/thewto_e\/whatis_e\/whatis_e.htm\">World Trade Organisation<\/a> (WTO) rules prohibiting government subsidies on manufacturing of clean-energy products, US trade representatives <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/10\/16\/business\/16wind.html?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss\">announced an investigation<\/a> into official Chinese support for wind turbines, solar panels, energy-efficient vehicles and advanced storage cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>That provoked a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english2010\/china\/2010-10\/17\/c_13561765.htm\">sharp rebuke from Zhang Guobao<\/a>, head of China&rsquo;s National Energy Administration. The United   States, he warned, &ldquo;cannot win this trade fight&rdquo;. If the United States pressed the subsidy issue with the WTO, Zhang said, &ldquo;the only ones who will be humiliated are themselves&rdquo; because the Obama administration had proposed subsidies totalling US$60 billion for US clean-energy industries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But US fears of falling behind China in clean-energy manufacturing are being compounded by a dispute over recent Chinese curbs on the export of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rare_earth_element\">rare-earth metals<\/a> used in clean-energy products. In short, the promise that decades-long job losses from traditional manufacturing might be made up by American-led growth in areas of new technology is coming up empty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In Winchester, which has an unemployment rate of 7.5 % &ndash; below the US national average &ndash; the loss of the GE plant is more than a symbolic dislocation. &ldquo;It was devastating,&rdquo; confirms mayor Elizabeth Minor, who lists the areas where the picturesque town is still competitive &ndash; plastics and hospital systems. &ldquo;And don&rsquo;t forget the apples,&rdquo; she adds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>America<span> has lost 40% of its manufacturing jobs since 1979, dropping from nearly 20 million to 12 million. The promise of clean-energy jobs &ndash; Obama said in October he expects the sector to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2010-08-16\/clean-energy-industry-to-create-more-than-800-000-jobs-by-2012-obama-says.html\">create 800,000 jobs by 2012<\/a> &ndash; has yet to be fulfilled. The experience of GE&rsquo;s Winchester workers suggests it may not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Light-division spokeswoman Janice Fraser explains that regulatory changes are forcing the phasing-out of incandescent bulbs by 2014 &ndash; and the company is moving its remaining capacity to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monterrey\">Monterrey, Mexico<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&ldquo;You don&#8217;t need a bunch of plants making bulbs people aren&rsquo;t buying,&rdquo; she said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In Virginia &#8212; which swung decisively back to the Republican Party in the recent US midterm elections &#8212; there is fear that China plays a decisive role in the loss of jobs and wealth. Dan Hayes, a former chef who now supplies edible nuts to the military, says the changes are noticeable even in his industry. The Chinese, he says, &ldquo;are driving up the price of almonds, pecans and walnuts&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The loss of the GE plant is a blow to the town. &ldquo;It&#8217;s hard for people. They&rsquo;ve worked there for 20, 25 years. They supported their families and the community and then &#8212; boom! It&rsquo;s gone. It hurts everything.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Hayes&rsquo;s friend John Salisbury goes a step further. The problem lies not with the president but with a congress which, he believes, has conspired with business. &ldquo;American business doesn&rsquo;t care about American workers,&rdquo; he says with some bitterness. &ldquo;Business and government are one.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>American workers feared their jobs being lost to Mexico and Canada during the Clinton-era free-trade negotiations, but the fear of China is of a higher order, confirms Salisbury: &ldquo;China is already waging economic war with us. It&rsquo;s an extreme danger. I have a four-year-old stepson and I&rsquo;m firmly convinced he&#8217;ll be fighting the Chinese in his lifetime.&rdquo; <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Yet the populist fear of China, exaggerated by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/tea-party-movement\">Tea Party<\/a> rhetoric, is now being challenged by business and political figures. &ldquo;It is very dangerous for us as a society &ndash; I&rsquo;m speaking of America &ndash; to focus on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/11\/07\/nyregion\/07bloomberg.html\">blaming others<\/a>, because then you don&rsquo;t focus on your own practices,&rdquo; offered New York&rsquo;s mayor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/portal\/site\/nycgov\/menuitem.e985cf5219821bc3f7393cd401c789a0\/\">Michael Bloomberg<\/a>, on a recent trip to China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Winchester<span>&rsquo;s officer for redevelopment, Jim Deskins, is confident that the town, a non-unionised island in a heavily unionised region, can reinvent itself as a high-skill, high-wage centre for the biomedical industry. It&rsquo;s been a crossroads for trade and will be again. But, he warns, American workers are going have to change, too. &ldquo;The advances we achieve through technology don&rsquo;t always make us competitive in manufacturing where handwork is a large part of the process. We&rsquo;re being kicked in the ass because we&rsquo;ve lost our creative skills. Reinventing ourselves is what we&rsquo;ve always done.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Copyright &copy; Guardian News and Media Limited 2010<\/p>\n<p>Homepage image from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/22925910@N00\/\">Ashley or something<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As clean-energy rules and high manufacturing costs force GE to close a Virginia plant, the company looks to China. Meanwhile, Americans are asking where the promised green jobs are. Edward Helmore reports.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":707,"featured_media":54644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-29002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lights out in a US bulb factory | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As clean-energy rules and high manufacturing costs force GE to close a Virginia plant, the company looks to China. Meanwhile, Americans are asking where the promised green jobs are. Edward Helmore reports.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/4002-lights-out-in-a-us-bulb-factory\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lights out in a US bulb factory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As clean-energy rules and high manufacturing costs force GE to close a Virginia plant, the company looks to China. Meanwhile, Americans are asking where the promised green jobs are. 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