{"id":30040,"date":"2012-07-12T13:46:00","date_gmt":"2012-07-12T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-05-14T18:42:44","modified_gmt":"2020-05-14T18:42:44","slug":"5040-books-off-to-tomorrow-s-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/5040-books-off-to-tomorrow-s-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Books: off to tomorrow\u2019s cities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n \n  96\n  800x600\n \n<\/xml><![endif]-->  <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n \n  Normal\n  0\n  \n  \n  \n  10 pt\n  0\n  2\n  \n  false\n  false\n  false\n  \n  EN-GB\n  ZH-CN\n  X-NONE\n  \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n  \n  $([{\u00a3\u00a5\u00b7\u2018\u201c\u3008\u300a\u300c\u300e\u3010\u3014\u3016\u301d\ufe59\ufe5b\ufe5d\uff04\uff08\uff0e\uff3b\uff5b\uffe1\uffe5\n  !%),.:;&gt;?]}\u00a2\u00a8\u00b0\u00b7\u02c7\u02c9\u2015\u2016\u2019\u201d\u2026\u2030\u2032\u2033\u203a\u2103\u2236\u3001\u3002\u3003\u3009\u300b\u300d\u300f\u3011\u3015\u3017\u301e\ufe36\ufe3a\ufe3e\ufe40\ufe44\ufe5a\ufe5c\ufe5e\uff01\uff02\uff05\uff07\uff09\uff0c\uff0e\uff1a\uff1b\uff1f\uff3d\uff40\uff5c\uff5d\uff5e\uffe0\n  \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n   \n  \n<\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]-->  <!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\ntable.MsoNormalTable\n\t{\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span>Aerotropolis: The Way We&rsquo;ll Live Next<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span>John Kasarda and Greg Lindsay<br \/>\nPenguin, 2012<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><span><br \/>\nIn his dystopian novel <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Sleeper_Awakes\">The Sleeper Awakes<\/a><\/i>, begun in 1899, HG Wells portrayed a future world in which vast machine-like cities were linked by air travel. Since then, no vision of the urban future has been complete without ubiquitous air transport, from Fritz Lang&rsquo;s <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolis_%28film%29\">Metropolis<\/a><\/i> (1926), in which gnat-like aircraft soar among the skyscrapers, to the police spinners of Ridley Scott&rsquo;s <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blade_Runner\">Blade Runner<\/a><\/i> (1982). In 1997 JG Ballard predicted that &ldquo;the airport will be the true city of the 21st century&rdquo;. <br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nNow <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_D._Kasarda\">John Kasarda<\/a>, an American management consultant and academic, is jetting around the world showing politicians and business leaders how Ballard&rsquo;s prediction is about to come true.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nThis &ldquo;prophet of living our lives aloft&rdquo; has flown more than three million miles &ndash; some 4.8 million kilometres &#8212; in the last 25 years and has &ldquo;jet lag stamped on his face&rdquo;. Journalist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greglindsay.org\/aerotropolis\/\">Greg Lindsay<\/a>, the author of this enthusiastic survey of Kasarda&rsquo;s ideas, is clearly a believer. As the subtitle proclaims, this is &ldquo;the way we&rsquo;ll live next&rdquo;.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nAccording to Kasarda, the future city will have &ldquo;an airport at the centre and concentric rings of uses radiating outward&rdquo;. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aerotropolis\">aerotropolis<\/a> is designed for the wired, always-on &ldquo;Instant Age&rdquo; of smart phones and smart cities, where the only law is the survival of the swiftest. Kasarda argues that this is the next stage in globalisation, a radical rethink of how we live in a world rendered flat by new technology. Just as cities such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southampton\">Southampton<\/a> [England] or Singapore grew up around their seaports, so the airport will become the heart of tomorrow&rsquo;s city.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nDubai is the model. It is &ldquo;the aerotropolis writ large, a city of hubs designed to lure the world&rsquo;s wealth to its door&rdquo;. And as in so many other areas, China has been quick to seize the initiative. It will build 100 new airports by 2020, when it aims to have 82% of its population living within 90 minutes&rsquo; drive of one. This investment will enable the iPods and other high-value goods manufactured there to travel via Hong Kong to the United States within 48 hours. In contrast, the west views airports as &ldquo;nuisances or toxic threats&rdquo;. Kasarda warns: &ldquo;If we don&rsquo;t change our minds, the game will be over. In some ways, we&rsquo;ve already surrendered.&rdquo;<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nThere is no doubt that transport &ndash; whether on four legs or four wheels &ndash; has shaped cities throughout history. But to be successful, cities have to offer so much more than docks or terminals. In a revealing phrase, Lindsay describes Kasarda&rsquo;s aerotropolis as &ldquo;an urban machine not for living but for competition&rdquo;. HG Wells would have feared for the people who lived in such a place. <br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nKasarda&rsquo;s overblown rhetoric cries out to be challenged, something Lindsay fails to do. But in its account of the rapidly evolving nature of work &ndash; from high-tech Chinese factories to the computerised fulfilment centres springing up around runways across the United States &ndash; this pacy but over-long book is at once fascinating and chilling.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nLindsay and Kasarda dismiss the idea that air travel should be curtailed due to concerns about greenhouse-gas emissions and climate change as fatal for economic growth. Similarly, fears about peak oil are countered by the prospect of synthetic fuels. If the oil really does stop flowing, then they believe electrification of cars will allow reserves to be prioritised for aircraft. <br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nThis dramatic option is one that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geog.ucla.edu\/people\/faculty.php?lid=297&amp;display_one=1&amp;modify=1\">Laurence Smith<\/a> also raises in his book <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.profile-books.com\/title.php?titleissue_id=729\">The New North<\/a><\/i>. But Smith does not minimise the challenges facing our oil-addicted societies. He points out, for instance, that to meet the expected demand for oil in 2030 we would need to discover the equivalent of nine Saudi Arabias.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nA scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Smith studies the geophysical impact of climate change, particularly in the far north. In this measured and thoughtful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/4562-Books-the-future-lies-to-the-north\">book<\/a>, he examines what our planet will be like 40 years from now. By 2050, the world&rsquo;s population will have grown to 9.2 billion, of whom 6.4 billion will live in cities, &ldquo;forming crowded urban clots around the hot lower latitudes of our planet&rdquo;. China will be the world&rsquo;s largest economy, followed by the United States and India. People will be wealthier and older &ndash; Japan will have 13 people of working age for every 10 retired people.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nIn 40 years&rsquo; time, global warming will have transformed the planet. Despite technological advances and a growing diversity of energy sources, including renewables and nuclear, the world will still rely heavily on fossil fuels. China is currently building two coal-fired power stations a week, &ldquo;equivalent to adding the entire UK power grid every year&rdquo;. Shockingly, coal will become the world&rsquo;s primary energy resource, with demand tripling by 2050.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nSmith&rsquo;s headline conclusion is that, as global warming thaws the permafrost and frees the Arctic of sea ice, the &ldquo;New North&rdquo; will become increasingly important. Although the Arctic proper (north of the Arctic Circle) is very small, the New North &ndash; the land and ocean lying above 45\u02da N latitude &ndash; is vast, comprising some 29% of the world&rsquo;s ice-free land. The Northern Rim countries &ndash; the northern United States, Canada, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden and Finland &ndash; form a bloc of a quarter of a billion people with a US$7 trillion economy. Their population and power are set to grow dramatically by 2050, Smith predicts.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nAs global warming takes effect, rainfall will increase here while droughts create water-shortages in the south. Estimates suggest that 30% of the world&rsquo;s undiscovered natural gas and 13% of its oil lie in the shale-rich sedimentary rocks of the Arctic. Its rich natural resources might make it the next Middle East in terms of its potential for conflict. The high Arctic is destined to become an &ldquo;economic engine, shovelling gas, oil, minerals and fish into the gaping global maw&rdquo;.<br \/>\n<\/span><span><br \/>\nAlthough at times it labours under the weight of evidence, <i>The New North<\/i> is a more convincing portrayal of the future than <i>Aerotropolis<\/i>. But both books raise urgent questions about what kind of world we want to live in.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><br \/>\n<\/span><i><span><span><u><span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/\"> https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/i><i><span><br \/>\nCopyright &copy; Guardian News and Media Limited 2012<\/span><\/i>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The aerotropolis &ndash; an airport with concentric rings of uses radiating outward from it &ndash; is &ldquo;the way we&rsquo;ll live next&rdquo;, say John Kasarda and Greg Lindsay. PD Smith finds their book fascinating &ndash; and chilling, but finds another book to be a more convincing portrayal of the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":612,"featured_media":55644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-30040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Books: off to tomorrow\u2019s cities | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The aerotropolis &ndash; an airport with concentric rings of uses radiating outward from it &ndash; is &ldquo;the way we&rsquo;ll live next&rdquo;, say John Kasarda and Greg Lindsay. PD Smith finds their book fascinating &ndash; and chilling, but finds another book to be a more convincing portrayal of the future.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/5040-books-off-to-tomorrow-s-cities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Books: off to tomorrow\u2019s cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The aerotropolis &ndash; an airport with concentric rings of uses radiating outward from it &ndash; is &ldquo;the way we&rsquo;ll live next&rdquo;, say John Kasarda and Greg Lindsay. PD Smith finds their book fascinating &ndash; and chilling, but finds another book to be a more convincing portrayal of the future.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/5040-books-off-to-tomorrow-s-cities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-07-12T13:46:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-14T18:42:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/aerotropolis_-_penguin_2012.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"130\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Smith, P. 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