{"id":33164,"date":"2015-09-09T10:11:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-09T10:11:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:23:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T12:23:01","slug":"8164-china-should-avoid-rush-job-on-cleaning-up-soil-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8164-china-should-avoid-rush-job-on-cleaning-up-soil-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"China \u2018should avoid rush job\u2019 on cleaning up soil pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"
China\u2019s plan to clean up soil pollution, which could end up costing 5.7 trillion yuan (US$917 billion) according to one recent estimate, is complicated by a lack of public data on the extent of the problem in many areas of the country, experts have warned.<\/div>\n
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Soil pollution is arguably China\u2019s biggest environmental problem. Around a fifth of the country\u2019s arable land is estimated to have been seriously damaged by decades of heavy industry and intensive agriculture<\/a>, posing grave risks for food supply and human health, such as contamination of rice crops by cadmium from lead mining<\/a>.<\/div>\n
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According to experts, China\u2019s war on pollution has placed much less attention on soil than air and water, partly because the problem is harder to identify and measure compared with smog or poisoned rivers.<\/div>\n
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Cleaning up China’s soil faces major obstacles. The problem is much larger compared with what Europe, US and Japan had to deal with in the late 20th century; identifying those companies responsible is much more difficult than in market economies; and incentives are weak in areas where the value of land is low.<\/div>\n
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In addition, data is lacking on which specific areas are polluted, the particular sources of pollution and how bad contamination actually is, said Ma Jun, a Chinese environmentalist and co-founder of the Institute of Public and Environment Affairs.<\/div>\n
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The IPE earlier this year launched a \u2018Bluesky map\u2019<\/a> app that supplies realtime data on air and water pollution, but has no such feature for soil, mainly because of a dearth of public statistics on the scale of the problem.<\/div>\n
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\u201cBefore dealing with the pollution you should disclose the information so the public can exercise oversight,\u201d Ma said, warning that solutions to the problem will be ineffective and inefficient without a clear, localised overview of the problem.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u201cSoil pollution isn\u2019t like air or water pollution. You can\u2019t see it or feel it. You can spend money to deal with it, but it\u2019s hard to say if that will actually work.\u201d<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Experts said a huge clean-up should only really begin once the sources of pollution cease, which it itself a huge task as China continues to build the apparatus needed to enforce new environmental laws<\/a> and take heavy industry to task.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u201cSpending will benefit only the companies winning contracts, and this may need to be repeated to clean up further pollution,\u201d Ma said.<\/div>\n
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A private industry body, the Jiangsu Institute of the Environmental Industry, last year estimated that between 2014 and 2020 the market for China\u2019s soil clean-up could be worth nearly US$110 billon<\/a>.<\/div>\n
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Despite the widespread view that China\u2019s soil clean-up may be haphazard, wasteful and even end up being a source of pollution in itself as companies scramble to secure lucrative government contracts, the Ministry of Environmental Protection is readying a major action plan<\/a> on soil clean-up.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
This is a widening of central government\u2019s allocation of (plan to spend) 3.6 billion yuan this year to help clean-up pollution from heavy metals in 30 of the worst affected cities and fund 37 pilot projects to treat and restore polluted soil.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Zhang Yi, head of the Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Design Engineering Institute, has calculated the action plan will require investment of over 5.7 trillion yuan.<\/div>\n
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But experts are sceptical that the private sector will be able to raise more than a fraction of the financing required, or that the government\u2019s approach is a good way of spending money to solve the problem.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
The MEP is considering whether to use the \u201cSuperfund\u201d<\/a> approach that was managed by the US government from the 1980s to clean up the country\u2019s toxic legacy, but these efforts only had mixed success and shouldn\u2019t necessarily be the model used by authorities in China, said Ma and other experts.<\/div>\n
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See also: Lack of data, openness could obstruct soil clean up<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
US clean-up had mixed results<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Through the Superfund, the US Environmental Protection Agency<\/a> required companies responsible for pollution to either remove or destroy the pollution (such as incinerating heavily-contaminated soil) or use compounds to take \u2018remedial\u2019 action and clean up sites poisoned by heavy metals or chemicals.<\/div>\n
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Treating sites identified in the US became increasingly complicated and costly, while a lack of funding meant that few new sources of contamination were correctly identified.<\/div>\n
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Chen Nengchang, a researcher at the Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Sciences, said before China embarks on a major programme to clean up soil, it should first get to grips with the pollution problem and identify non-polluted areas before attempting a clean-up.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s easy to damage the soil, but harder to clean it up. We need to get sources of pollution under control first, rather than focus on restoration like the Superfund does.\u201d<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

China needs to stop polluting its soil before embarking on a big clean-up, otherwise money will be wasted, say experts \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1534,"featured_media":58163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina \u2018should avoid rush job\u2019 on cleaning up soil pollution | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China needs to stop polluting its soil before embarking on a big clean-up, otherwise money will be wasted, say experts \u00a0\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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