{"id":33544,"date":"2016-01-18T17:24:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-18T17:24:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-11-13T09:25:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-13T09:25:09","slug":"8544-china-s-new-wildlife-law-needs-to-chime-with-ecological-civilisation-green-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/8544-china-s-new-wildlife-law-needs-to-chime-with-ecological-civilisation-green-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"China’s new wildlife law needs to chime with ‘Ecological Civilisation’ green policies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imagine walking into your local supermarket and seeing liquor made from tiger bones and deer antlers,\u00a0frozen crocodile meat, powdered bear bile, medicine made from musk deer, tins of spotted deer meat and giant salamander \u2013 all protected species, all priced up and sitting on the shelves beside your daily necessities.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s Wildlife Protection Law is undergoing its first major revision in 26 years since it came into force. The draft, currently under public consultation, states for the first time that wildlife can be used in the manufacture of\u00a0Chinese medicine, healthcare products and food for profit. If this draft becomes law then these scenes could become a reality.<\/p>\n

Is this what an \u2018ecologically civilised\u2019 society looks like?<\/p>\n

The revision of the Wildlife Protection Law is part of a broader overhaul of China\u2019s environmental laws, which have been brought into line with the concept of \u2018Ecological Civilisation\u2019 (a government term recognising the need for a greener approach). But some of the content in a\u00a0proposed\u00a0draft of the new law\u00a0runs contrary to these efforts.<\/p>\n

The overarching guidelines<\/a> for \u2018achieving Ecological Civilisation\u2019\u00a0issued by the State Council and the Communist Party of China’s Central Committee, calls for the protection of\u00a0rare and wild fauna and flora. They\u00a0require\u00a0existing laws to \u201cguide, standardise and limit the exploitation, use and protection of natural resources”.<\/p>\n

Finally, the guidelines\u00a0undertake\u00a0to\u00a0\u201cpromote a faster public shift to thrifty, green and low-carbon, civilised and healthy choices in clothing, food, homes, transportation and travel; and firmly oppose all types of luxury and excessive consumption.\u201d<\/p>\n

The eating of rare and endangered wildlife is reported to be\u00a0a criminal act<\/a>\u00a0by legal interpretations. It is also questionable whether the use of endangered\u00a0wildlife in medicine and healthcare products can be considered as \u201ccivilised and healthy\u201d.<\/p>\n

In its current draft, the new law (the only one in China to specify the protection of wildlife in its title)\u00a0allows provincial authorities to approve the hunting of wildlife under special state protection for, \u201ccaptive breeding and other special purposes\u201d.\u00a0The draft\u00a0also approves the trade and use of wild\u00a0species for \u201cpublic display (performance)\u201d.<\/p>\n

The wildlife under special state protection\u00a0is classified as species that are\u00a0rare, endangered and\/ or important for maintaining ecological balance.The\u00a0draft does not specify the aim or\u00a0nature of captive breeding for “public display”. Hence approval\u00a0could be given to\u00a0commercial breeding programmes or circuses that\u00a0buy, sell and use nationally protected wildlife.<\/p>\n

Captive breeding is a rapidly growing industry that often undermines conservation efforts.\u00a0In February 2015, a Public Security Bureau head in Shenzhen held a banquet at which a giant salamander was served<\/a>.\u00a0The salamander in question had been farmed by an industry that is putting the future of this critically endangered species at risk.\u00a0A recent study\u00a0showed that the Chinese giant salamander has lost 80% of its wild population, partly because of illegal\u00a0poaching\u00a0to supplement farmed populations, which often do not breed successfully.<\/p>\n

It is a similar story for other heavily bred species in China, such as tigers, bears and spotted dears, various reptile species and tortoises.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, wildlife products are often considered\u00a0expensive luxury items, which are used as bribes when building \u2018connections\u2019. A trade in such products is therefore entirely out of line with the spirit of the national crackdown on corruption.<\/p>\n

Market forces<\/strong><\/p>\n

The shop shelf described in the introduction is not a figment of imagination. Most of the products described are already permitted for trade under certain administrative regulations, although remain in a legal \u201cgrey zone\u201d.<\/p>\n

Open source information<\/a>\u00a0showed that since 2003, government authorities have made over a dozen announcements of companies and products granted \u2018China wildlife utilisation management special marking’. The special mark\u00a0permits\u00a0trade in all sorts of rare and endangered wildlife products, such as ivory \u2013 although China recently promised to halt this as the country responds\u00a0to growing international criticism.<\/p>\n

For example, an\u00a0accouncement made in 2007<\/a>\u00a0included almost one hundred products from more than 80\u00a0firms, including, \u201cmedicine containing saiga antelope antlers, pangolin scales, \u00a0parts of rare snakes,\u00a0musical instruments,\u00a0leather goods, clothing,\u00a0healthcare products, cosmetics made from rare snakes,\u00a0tiger and leopard skins and skin products,\u00a0stuffed wild animals,\u00a0frozen and dried Siamese crocodile meat,\u00a0and liquors made from spotted deer velvets and blood.\u201d<\/p>\n

One lawyer with an interest in animal protection law said that the\u00a0misuse of wildlife stems from legal loopholes<\/a>. For example, the State Forestry Administration (an\u00a0implementation authority)\u00a0uses vague language in the existing law, which\u00a0allows\u00a0serious breaches to continue under the protection of its own departmental regulations.<\/p>\n

The new revision retains some of that opaque language, such as \u201cother special purposes.\u201d It\u00a0also intends to make the above mentioned marking system into law and, for the first time,\u00a0to create a list of protected wildlife\u00a0to be bred for trade.<\/p>\n

In 2013, during a consultation on regulations for the breeding of wildlife under special state protection, there was\u00a0widespread opposition<\/a>\u00a0to the commercial exploitation of rare species. The regulations were shelved but similar rules are now appearing in the draft of the Wildlife Protection Law \u2013 a backwards step.<\/p>\n

Take the tiger, for example, one of China\u2019s most endangered species.\u00a0Only 50 are left in the wild in China<\/a>\u00a0but over 5,000 are kept in captivity.\u00a0These tigers are mostly bred for profit with no conservation value<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Though a UN convention called for the phasing\u00a0out of commercial tiger breeding, the authorities in China turned a blind eye to the proliferation of tiger farms across the country and allowed the trade in captive bred tigers – liquor products made by two of the biggest tiger farms were given permission by the State Forestry Administration for trade.<\/p>\n

The trade has got out of control as recent headlines suggest. In 2014, tiger meat was served at a banquet in Leizhou, and last year\u00a0a tiger corpse was found in the street in Wenzhou. Tigers have been mistreated and abused in zoos across the country, while\u00a0circus tigers have mysteriously showed up in private possession. These are all tigers farmed for profit.<\/p>\n

A recent repo<\/a>rt<\/a>\u00a0said that the last four decades have seen populations of terrestrial vertebrates in China drop by half, resulting in a huge loss in biodiversity. The revision of the Wildlife Protection Law offers the chance to reverse the loss. The first step would be to halt the commercial breeding of rare and endangered species and remove all clauses allowing their commercial use.<\/p>\n

Click here<\/em><\/a>\u00a0to read the draft Wildlife Protection Law of China and submit your comments before January 29, 2016<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

China has a chance to protect the future of its endangered species. It should grasp it, writes Vicky Lee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1809,"featured_media":58437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[539,580],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-endangered-species","tag-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina's new wildlife law needs to chime with 'Ecological Civilisation' green policies | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China has a chance to protect the future of its endangered species. 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