{"id":33550,"date":"2016-01-21T10:48:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T10:48:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-23T14:01:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T14:01:17","slug":"8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources"},"content":{"rendered":"

In response to concerns over water quality and contamination issues, more Chinese people than ever are drinking bottled water. For many citizens it has become a part of everyday life. <\/span><\/p>\n

A 2014 survey<\/a><\/span> of 30,000 urban residents in 100 Chinese cities showed that only 59% of people drink (boiled) tap water. The report by the\u00a0China Water Supply Services Promotion Alliance, an industry association, showed that among non-tap water drinkers\u00a0the first choice is\u00a0bottled water (including water ‘carboys’,\u00a0large plastic vessels used in water coolers), which ranks higher than water from\u00a0residential purification systems or home filters.<\/p>\n

Bottled water\u00a0is now\u00a0one of China’s\u00a0fastest growing sectors in the food and drink industry. Since being introduced in the mid-1990s, bottled water has filled the shelves of convenience stores up and down the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

While both industry heads and local governments are excited about the economic growth prospects this trend\u00a0presents, the heavy environmental burden and\u00a0business risks remain unaddressed.<\/p>\n

These risks and are explored in the report, ‘Bottled Water In China: Boom\u00a0or Bust<\/a>‘ by China Water Risk, a Hong-Kong based non-profit organisation.<\/p>\n

See also: Chinese bottled water: the next water crisis?\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

No.1 consumer\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

According to the International Bottled Water Association (IBWA), in 2013 bottled water consumption in China reached 39.5 million cubic metres, representing 15% of the global market, making China the number one market for bottled water in the world.<\/p>\n

As shown in the report, bottled water has become one of the fastest growing Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) in China with a compound annual growth rate of 18.1% – more than twice the global average.<\/p>\n

However, the true\u00a0extent of\u00a0consumption in China is very possibly underestimated\u00a0by the IBWA. Official data from the Chinese Bureau of Statistics shows the annual production of packaged water in 2012 had already reached 55.6 million cubic metres, almost 20 million cubic metres more than the IBWA estimate.<\/p>\n

The Pacific Institute<\/a>, a non-profit environment research body, concluded in a study that to produce one bottle of water, requires three bottles of water and a quarter bottle of oil<\/a>. The estimate\u00a0is in line with the national standards issued by the National Development and Reform Council (NDRC) and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China, which have set benchmarks on water intake <\/a>and energy consumption limit<\/a>s for manufacturing packaged water.<\/p>\n

Based on these benchmarks, China Water Risk\u00a0estimates that to meet the annual bottled water production in China, the industry’s consumption is 20 times that of China’s giant West Lake<\/a>,\u00a0one of the most famous artificial lakes in China. In terms of\u00a0energy use, it would have consumed between 87-158\u00a0Terrawatt\u00a0hours\u00a0(TWh) of electricity, which is comparable to the electricity generated by the Three Gorges Dam<\/a>. The plastic used for bottling the water can fill up one Jinmao Tower<\/a> \u2013 the famous 420-metre\u00a0high\u00a0skyscraper in Shanghai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Growth potential <\/strong><\/p>\n

Although China is the world\u2019s number one consumer of bottled water, its per capita bottled consumption rate is still 19% below the world\u2019s average. Some say the gap between international and domestic rates suggests that the Chinese market has lots of unfilled potential.<\/p>\n

Current provincial development plans aim to increase production capacity to 50 million cubic metres in Jilin province<\/a> and 5 million cubic metres in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAG)<\/a> by 2020. Both plans are rather aggressive if current production volume is considered. The two provincial governments\u2019 plans aim to\u00a0scale up production capacity by 12 times and 52 times, respectively.<\/p>\n

In 2011, China introduced the \u201cThree Red Lines Policy\u201d to control water use, improve water efficiency and curb water pollution. In the State Council\u2019s Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (also known as the \u201cWater Ten\u201d) released in April 2015, all three red lines are reasserted and reinforced. The new, more stringent water management polices show that China\u2019s future economic development depends on the management of its water resources.<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently, national Chinese policy is focused on reducing water use in major water consuming sectors such as\u00a0energy, textiles and agriculture. Billions of yuan\u00a0of\u00a0investment is\u00a0flooding into such sectors to help reach water saving targets. In a tonne-to-tonne comparison, it can take around the same amount of water to extract coal as it does\u00a0to produce bottled water. Yet, somehow the bottled water industry is mandated\u00a0to grow.<\/p>\n

If China catches up to the per capita bottled water consumption global average by 2020, total water consumption by the industry would grow faster than the \u201cnational total water use\u201d red lines. Even if companies take action\u00a0to improve water efficiency and reduce water consumption, such efforts could easily be in vain because the overall water use by the industry will still continue to rise. The sector is\u00a0unregulated, putting it in a privileged position\u00a0compared\u00a0to other industries, especially in water-challenged provinces.<\/p>\n

Boom or bust<\/strong><\/p>\n

Already, the bottled water industry is putting a strain on China\u2019s groundwater, glaciers and upper watersheds. <\/a>71% of China\u2019s bottled water production is located in \u201cDry 11\u201d or \u201cAt Risk 9\u201d<\/a> provinces, where fresh water resources are scarce. China\u2019s parched northern plain produces 20% of China\u2019s bottled water, yet suffers from water scarcity, water pollution, groundwater over-exploitation and ground subsidence. \u201cDry 11\u201d provinces Shandong and Henan are as thirsty as Middle East countries such as\u00a0Jordan. And\u00a0despite heavy\u00a0reliance\u00a0on water transfer projects to mitigate their thirst, the two provinces together produced 12% of bottled water in 2012.<\/p>\n

As mentioned previously, bottled water is not only water intensive but also energy intensive. <\/span>China has an energy savings target of 702TWh of electricity by 2020. If China was to improve public water supply and make tap water fit for drinking, the demand for bottled water might fall. Assuming no more bottled water would be produced, 12%-22% of the energy saving target could be achieved.<\/p>\n

The plastic issue also needs to be considered. China\u2019s plastic recycling is limited, and\u00a0exact figures\u00a0are unknown.\u00a0Increased\u00a0bottled water production and consumption means more plastic is heading to landfills, waste incineration stations, or into ecosystems \u2013 rivers, oceans, forests and farmlands. All could lead to further environment and health challenges. Very recently, scientists discovered <\/span>microplastic contamination in table salt produced\u00a0in\u00a0China<\/a>.<\/p>\n

China has reached a tipping point. It cannot afford more environmental degradation on the journey towards an \u2018Ecological Civilisation<\/a>\u2019. For policy-makers, an important step is to rethink bottled water policy and to address the mismatches between national and provincial policies.<\/span><\/p>\n

For brands, information disclosure and improving water efficiency is of course important, but risks have gone beyond Corporate Social Responsibility.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s time for brands to rethink their future strategies. One the biggest questions to answer is\u00a0whether\u00a0bottled water will continue to be as popular with Chinese consumers\u00a0if, as the government has promised, drinkable\u00a0tap water is\u00a0available to all by 2020.<\/p>\n

There are other uncertainties.\u00a0Will the government ban mineral water extraction\u00a0in water-scarce regions and vulnerable upper watersheds as its groundwater policy gets more stringent?<\/p>\n

And will the high-end glacier water bottling capacities in the \u201cThird Pole\u201d be threatened after COP 21 when all the climate action plans are obligated to fully implemented? There are also doubts as to whether\u00a0companies can fulfill changing consumer desires for cheap quality products that are also deemed to be \u2018green\u2019.<\/p>\n

In a country with dwindling water supplies, the future of bottled water could have a big\u00a0impact.<\/p>\n

Hongqiao Liu is the author of \u201c<\/span>Bottled Water In China: Boom Or Bust?\u201d<\/a> with China Water Risk.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1115,"featured_media":58443,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"681\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hongqiao Liu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hongqiao Liu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/476b024b200584c4cc77eac84e4a1558\"},\"headline\":\"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\"},\"wordCount\":1241,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Pollution\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\",\"name\":\"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":681,\"caption\":\"bottle of water placed on a window sill\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/476b024b200584c4cc77eac84e4a1558\",\"name\":\"Hongqiao Liu\",\"description\":\"Hongqiao Liu works as analyst for a joint water project of chinadialogue and China Water Risk. Prior to joining in china dialogue, she was an award-wining environment reporter with Caixin Media, China\u2019s leading economics and finance media, and Southern Metropolis Daily, China\u2019s most influential daily newspaper.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/liuhongqiao\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/liuhongqiao\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources | Dialogue Earth","description":"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources","og_description":"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_published_time":"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":681,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hongqiao Liu","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/"},"author":{"name":"Hongqiao Liu","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/476b024b200584c4cc77eac84e4a1558"},"headline":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources","datePublished":"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/"},"wordCount":1241,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg","articleSection":["Pollution"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/","name":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources | Dialogue Earth","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg","datePublished":"2016-01-21T10:48:00+00:00","dateModified":"2020-10-23T14:01:17+00:00","description":"Bottled water consumption and production in China are\u00a0expected to boom, posing increased environmental threats,\u00a0writes Liu\u00a0Hongqiao","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4876202508_792847e011_b_meitu_1.jpg","width":1024,"height":681,"caption":"bottle of water placed on a window sill"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8550-china-s-bottled-water-industry-poses-new-threat-to-precious-resources\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"China\u2019s bottled water industry poses new threat to precious resources"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/476b024b200584c4cc77eac84e4a1558","name":"Hongqiao Liu","description":"Hongqiao Liu works as analyst for a joint water project of chinadialogue and China Water Risk. Prior to joining in china dialogue, she was an award-wining environment reporter with Caixin Media, China\u2019s leading economics and finance media, and Southern Metropolis Daily, China\u2019s most influential daily newspaper.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/liuhongqiao\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/liuhongqiao\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1115"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33550\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33550"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=33550"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=33550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}