{"id":33554,"date":"2016-01-27T09:28:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-23T13:15:05","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T13:15:05","slug":"8554-pressure-mounts-on-aiib-for-greater-clarity-on-green-lending","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/8554-pressure-mounts-on-aiib-for-greater-clarity-on-green-lending\/","title":{"rendered":"Pressure mounts on AIIB for greater clarity on green lending"},"content":{"rendered":"

The China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) formally came into existence<\/a>\u00a0on January 16, but many environmental campaigners want to see\u00a0greater clarity from the world\u2019s newest multilateral development lender.<\/p>\n

The bank\u2019s president, Jin Liqun, has said repeatedly that the AIIB<\/a> is serious about protecting the environment and limiting the human impact of development.<\/p>\n

But many environmental groups are concerned that the bank\u2019s draft Environmental and Social Framework document<\/a>, available on its website, lacks detail and firm commitments to sustainable lending.\u00a0They call for rules on lending to be made more explicit and for improved\u00a0consultation with local people.<\/p>\n

Yu Xiaogang of Chinese NGO Green Watershed told chinadialogue<\/em>: \u201cThere is a gap between the stance described by Jin Liqun and the contents of that draft.\u201d For example, at present there are no binding requirements to carry out environmental or social impact assessments before projects start.<\/p>\n

While the framework has already undergone an initial round of public consultation, environmental groups remain dissatisfied with the outcome and are asking that the guidelines be resubmitted for further scrutiny.<\/p>\n

Critics say that without stringent standards on what the AIIB deems to be \u2018sustainable\u2019, the bank could end up spending hundreds of billions of dollars on projects that will be a major source of greenhouse gases, pollution and deforestation for decades to come.<\/p>\n

The AIIB is scheduled<\/a> to start spending US$100 billion of raised capital on infrastructure and energy projects from the second quarter of this year, highlighting\u00a0the\u00a0need for\u00a0urgent clarification on sustainable lending criteria, campaigners told chinadialogue<\/em>.<\/p>\n

In recent years, China has ramped up spending through its \u2018One Belt One Road\u2019<\/a> initiative to develop new trade routes and infrastructure. These new roads, ports, railways and power stations in around 60 countries\u00a0could be worth US$2.5 trillion over the next few decades, according to services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers.<\/p>\n

This has raised fears that Chinese investment\u00a0will exacerbate environmental problems\u00a0in central Asia and south-east Asia, where\u00a0environmental oversight is regarded as weak.<\/p>\n

Yu said that the AIIB needs to implement additional measures \u00a0to ensure greater transparency and accountability. This should \u201capply project-by-project ,\u201d and will benefit the future development of the bank, he said.<\/p>\n

According to the Washington-based World Resources Institute (WRI), discussions are ongoing at board level about how to make the bank\u2019s lending greener.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur hope is that the public voicing of these concerns will prompt the AIIB to take a more cautious stance on fast-tracking large scale infrastructure projects ,and instead put a premium on managing environmental and social risks associated with such investments,\u201d \u00a0said Athena Bastelleros with the WRI\u2019s Finance Center.<\/p>\n

Lowell Chow, East Asia researcher at the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre, said Asia urgently needs better infrastructure, but the bank\u2019s legitimacy will ultimately be judged by its environmental and social record.<\/p>\n

If strong standards on sustainability are applied, the bank\u2019s investments will create huge numbers of jobs and win respect for China from other founding members, including Germany, UK and France.<\/p>\n

Japan and the US, which wield considerable power over the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB), have refused to join the AIIB.<\/p>\n

First draft<\/strong><\/p>\n

In September 2015, the AIIB placed a draft of its Environmental and Social Framework<\/a> on its website, along with a plan for consultation\u00a0with stakeholders. The consultation\u00a0took place in English language, via a two-hour video conferences and written submissions, between 10 September and 23 October.<\/p>\n

Some environmental groups complained that vulnerable stakeholders in affected areas would not be able to contribute via video, and that two hours was not enough to achieve a constructive outcome.<\/p>\n

Bai Yunwen, a researcher at Greenovation Hub, a China-based green group, told chinadialogue<\/em> that she hoped to see the bank communicate effectively with stakeholders and civil society groups, with at least two rounds of consultation, either in local languages or with translation and interpretation supplied. This would make it easier for potentially affected communities\u00a0to participate.<\/p>\n

According to environmental groups, consultation on such important safeguards should last for a minimum of \u00a0at least four-to-six months.\u00a0In addition, minutes of the meeting should\u00a0be translated into local languages and published\u00a0with a thirty-day deadline for submitting comments.<\/p>\n

Sun Yiting, Sustainable Banking and Finance Program Manager with WWF China, said the AIIB should be more open in seeking a range of opinions to further improve the draft of its sustainability criteria,\u00a0in accordance with those set out by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.<\/p>\n

So far, more than 200 NGOs and 11 independent experts have commented on the AIIB draft.<\/p>\n

Impact assessment<\/strong><\/p>\n

In Yu Xiaogang\u2019s view, environmental and social impact assessments and strong accountability systems are crucial \u00a0if multilateral development banks are to reduce investment risk, protect their long-term interests and show responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bigger an infrastructure project is, the more impact on the environment, and sometimes that impact is irreversible. The AIIB needs open and transparent disclosure mechanisms, as well as accountability systems,\u201d Yu said.<\/p>\n

Chow wants AIIB to go further than its competitors and ensure that those negatively affected by its projects can use litigation to seek legal redress.<\/p>\n

Greenovation Hub said that although the AIIB\u2019s draft framework adopts the project categories usually applied by international financial bodies, its actual management measures and standards are more lax.<\/p>\n

Specifically, for projects in Category A \u2013 those which may have major cumulative and irreversible negative environmental and social impacts \u2013 project developers\u00a0simply need to submit full documentation.<\/p>\n

There are no binding requirements to carry out environmental or social impact assessments for projects in Category B. \u201cThis may lead to many high-risk Category B projects being approved without full assessments of environmental and social risk,\u201d Greenovation Hub added.<\/p>\n

According to Asian Development Bank (ADB) criteria, category A and B projects require environmental and social impact assessments to be carried out. Accordingly, the ADB\u2019s Safeguard Policy Statement<\/a> requires projects in these categories to submit environmental impact assessment reports.<\/p>\n

Transparency<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u200b<\/strong>Transparency is also lacking. According to Greenovation Hub, the AIIB draft requires clients to disclose information, but there is no obligation for the bank itself to do so.<\/p>\n

Other critics say that in some places the language of the draft is vague. For example, when listing types of projects not suitable for funding, the ADB\u00a0states clearly that \u201cthe following do not qualify for ADB financing,\u201d while the equivalent language in the AIIB draft document is \u201cthe AIIB does not knowingly finance\u00a0operations involving the following\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe use of \u2018knowingly\u2019 is ambiguous. If problems arise later, they can avoid blame by saying this was not done \u2018knowingly\u2019\u201d, said Chen Xiangxue of Green Watershed. She hopes the AIIB will be clear about the industries it will not finance.<\/p>\n

In its first year of business, it\u00a0is hoped that the AIIB will hold itself to international standards on environmental and social safeguards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The China-led development bank needs to provide greater assurances, writes Liu Qin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1534,"featured_media":58447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,760],"tags":[504,556,600],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-pollution","tag-aiib","tag-infrastructure","tag-trade"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPressure mounts on AIIB for greater clarity on green lending | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The China-led development bank needs to provide greater assurances, writes Liu Qin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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