{"id":33662,"date":"2016-02-26T10:15:00","date_gmt":"2016-02-26T10:15:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-22T14:40:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T14:40:13","slug":"8662-study-ties-us-to-spike-in-global-methane-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/8662-study-ties-us-to-spike-in-global-methane-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Study ties US to spike in global methane emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"

There was a huge global spike in one of the most potent greenhouse gases driving climate change over the last decade, and the US\u00a0may be the biggest culprit, according a recent\u00a0Harvard University\u00a0study<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The US\u00a0alone could be responsible for between 30%\u00a0and 60%\u00a0of the global growth in human-caused atmospheric methane emissions since 2002\u00a0because of a 30%\u00a0spike in methane emissions across the country, the study says.<\/p>\n

The research shows that emissions increased the most in the middle of the country, but the authors said there is too little data to identify specific sources. However, the increase occurred at the same time as a\u00a0shale oil and gas boom in the US, which has been associated with large amounts of methane leaking from oil and gas wells and pipelines nationwide.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019d say the biggest takeaway is that there is more we \u2014\u00a0the US\u00a0\u2014 could be doing to reduce our methane emissions to combat climate change,\u201d study lead author\u00a0Alex Turner<\/a>, a Harvard University chemical engineering Ph.D. candidate, said.<\/p>\n

The Aliso Canyon gas leak in California, which was plugged last week after a nearly four-month effort to contain it, has brought new attention to methane. The gas\u00a0is roughly 86 times as potent as carbon dioxide as a driver of climate change over a period of 20 years, or 35 times as potent over the span of a century. The Aliso leak spewed enough methane into the atmosphere to equal the greenhouse gases emitted by more than\u00a0440,000 cars<\/a>\u00a0in a year.<\/p>\n

The US\u00a0Environmental Protection Agency is trying to rein in methane emissions from oil and gas operations, and has proposed\u00a0new rules<\/a>\u00a0to curb them from oil and gas wells. The Obama administration\u2019s Climate Action Plan seeks to cut methane emissions from the oil and gas industry by up to 45%\u00a0below 2012 levels by 2025.<\/p>\n

Global methane emissions have risen and fallen several times since the 1980s, Turner said, but they\u2019ve been rising continuously since 2007.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe causes for this renewed growth are currently unknown,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

In the US, the official government tally of the country\u2019s annual human-caused methane emissions between 2002 and 2012 shows that emissions have been about 29 million metric tons annually, without any significant trends up or down. Research by Turner\u2019s team, however, showed that emissions ranged from about 39 million tons to about 52 million tons during that period. The team based its findings on satellite data.<\/p>\n

The Harvard study, published last week in the journal Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>, adds to mounting\u00a0research<\/a>\u00a0that shows that the government\u2019s official tally of methane emissions is not consistent with observations made by universities and other institutions.<\/p>\n

The official tally, taking what \u2018s known as a \u201cbottom-up\u201d approach, calculates methane emissions based on expected leak rates at oil and gas well sites, not actual measurements. The Harvard researchers used a \u201ctop-down\u201d method, calculating emissions based on actual satellite measurements, showing that US\u00a0methane emissions are far greater than those estimated by the government.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nAn oil and gas well flaring gas in northeast Colorado.\u00a0Credit:\u00a0WildEarth Guardians<\/a>\/flickr<\/p>\n

Turner said he and other researchers are working with the EPA to reconcile those differences.<\/p>\n

\u201cBoth the bottom-up and top-down communities are trying to understand the sources of methane, but the different methods have different strengths, and we are working on making them more compatible,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

EPA spokeswoman Enesta Jones said the Harvard study adds to a wide body of new research about how to best quantify methane emissions. The EPA is reviewing those studies, she said.<\/p>\n

Global warming potential<\/strong><\/p>\n

With the US\u00a0responsible for as much as 60%\u00a0of global methane emissions growth, it\u2019s critical that the country reduce natural gas use as quickly as possible, said\u00a0Robert Howarth<\/a>, a Cornell University ecologist and methane researcher who is unaffiliated with the Harvard study. Failing to do so could jeopardise commitments made as part of the Paris climate agreement\u2019s goal of keeping global warming to below 2C (3.6F).<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is simply no way to do that by reducing carbon dioxide emissions alone because of lags in the climate system,\u201d he said. \u201cEven with major carbon dioxide emission reductions starting now, the planet would reach 1.5C\u00a0in 12 years and 2C\u00a0in 35 years. But the planet responds much more rapidly to methane, so a reduction in methane emissions now would slow the rate of global warming immediately.\u201d<\/p>\n

Howarth said the Turner team\u2019s study is consistent with his own research.<\/p>\n

Fracking<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI believe the US\u00a0probably is responsible for this much of an increase in global methane emissions,\u201d Howarth said. \u201cAnd, the increase almost certainly must be coming from the fracking and from the increase in use of natural gas.\u201d<\/p>\n

See also: Video: the untold story of gas fracking in the US.\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Raymond Pierrehumbert<\/a>, an atmospheric physicist at the University of Oxford who is unaffiliated with the Harvard study, said its findings are useful, but don\u2019t mean much for climate change in the long run.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is always useful to know what the emissions of various greenhouse gases are, but methane is still just a sideshow, and relative to what the US\u00a0needs to do to fulfil\u00a0its Paris commitments with regard to keeping the warming under 2C, even a substantial upward revision of methane leakage is almost completely irrelevant,\u201d he said. \u201cThe warming due to steady methane emissions essentially stops increasing after just two decades, and is largely reversible once the leakage stops.\u201d<\/p>\n

The original version of this story was published on ClimateCentral.org\u00a0and can be found here<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A dash for gas in the US is likely to be behind the latest spike in global emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.\u00a0Climate Central’s Bobby Magill reports\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2308,"featured_media":58523,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,760],"tags":[513,547],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-pollution","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-fossil-fuels"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy ties US to spike in global methane emissions | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A dash for gas in the US is likely to be behind the latest spike in global emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.\u00a0Climate Central's Bobby Magill reports\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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