{"id":33696,"date":"2016-03-08T17:33:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-08T17:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-12-11T12:41:15","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T12:41:15","slug":"8696-13th-five-year-plan-is-the-first-to-include-pm2-5-targets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/8696-13th-five-year-plan-is-the-first-to-include-pm2-5-targets\/","title":{"rendered":"13th Five-Year Plan is the first to include PM2.5 targets"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">In his address to China\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/guoqing.china.com.cn\/2016-03\/05\/content_37944298.htm\">National People\u2019s Congress<\/a> on March 5, Premier Li Keqiang called for \u201cheavy blows\u201d to be struck against air and water pollution that have\u00a0exacted a heavy toll on large swaths of the world&#8217;s most populous country.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">Li cited targets to improve environmental standards across the board, but focused\u00a0in particular on measures\u00a0to tackle urban smog that would\u00a0deliver\u00a0\u201cgood air quality\u201d day readings for 80% of the year. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The targets are part of the forthcoming <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">13<\/span>th Five-Year Plan (FYP), a policy blueprint that will shape China\u2019s economic development over the next five years up to 2021.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">The premier\u2019s speech was delivered on the opening day of the session and set the tone for discussions that will continue\u00a0until March 16. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The full list of proposals will not be published until the close of the twin legislative sessions.\u00a0However,\u00a0Li\u2019s speech has already indicated\u00a0that\u00a0the government will limit factory emissions of tiny harmful\u00a0particulate matter (PM2.5)\u00a0&#8211; a major cause of\u00a0air pollution &#8211; down by\u00a025%.<\/p>\n<p>This is the first time in the China\u2019s history that a specific PM2.5 target has been included in a FYP.<\/p>\n<p>The other main\u00a0targets revealed in the government\u2019s work report include: to reduce\u00a0of\u00a0emissions from coal burning industries and vehicles; to bolster cleaner and more efficient use of coal; to promote the use of electricity and natural gas in place of coal; support for\u00a0wind, solar and bio power sectors; an increase in the proportion of clean energy; encourage\u00a0the use of waste straw as a resource; a reduction\u00a0in-field burning; and implementation\u00a0of control measures to deal with air pollution.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Hu Angang of Tsinghua University\u2019s School of Public Policy and Management said that the <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">13<\/span>th Five-Year Plan will provide a guide for how \u2018green development\u2019 will be implemented, and how it will\u00a0align with economic growth.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">\u201cAchieving green growth means reducing energy and resource intensity and decoupling the emissions of key pollutants from economic growth and urbanisation,\u201d he said. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Inefficiency snuffed out<\/h2>\n<p>Li spoke of recent efforts to restructure China\u2019s economy. Since the implementation of the Five-Year Plan, the service industry has grown considerably, \u00a0energy intensity per unit of GDP has fallen by 18.2%; and emissions of key pollutants have dropped by over 12%.<\/p>\n<p>By 2020, he said, the\u00a0intensity of water use per unit of GDP\u00a0will fall by 23%, energy intensity by a further 15%, and carbon intensity by 18%.<\/p>\n<p>The premier also said that China is\u00a0addressing over-production in its energy intensive industries, such as construction and manufacturing, through corporate restructuring (the details of which remain undisclosed).<\/p>\n<p>In the last three years, the closure of inefficient firms has removed 90 million tonnes of steel production, 230 million tonnes of concrete production, over 76 million tonnes of plate glass, and 1 million tonnes of aluminium from China\u2019s bloated manufacturing sector.<\/p>\n<p>In China, local governments have traditionally had three functions: to manage public services; social welfare; and market regulations. A fourth important function is being added to that list, that of environmental protection.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Local governments<\/h2>\n<p>Hu Angang told <em>chinadialogue<\/em> that the 13th FYP is proving the local governments with the tools and targets to switch orientation.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">\u201cIn the design of the <\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">13<\/span>th FYP, we\u2019ve seen a shift from talking about industrial counties, industrial cities and industrial provinces, to talking about green development. China has already entered the era of green development\u2026 [which will] reduce [industrial] capacity by shutting down energy-intensive and polluting firms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">Manish Bapna, executive vice president of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/\">World Resources Institute<\/a>, hopes to see the 13th FYP include ambitious targets for action on the use of clean energy, the tackling of air pollution, forest-creation and dealing with soil and water pollution \u2013 and more importantly, a real shift in how the Chinese economy grows.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">\u201cI hope to see the Chinese government do more to change the traditional method of development, which is reliant on increasing supply. Often people think increasing the water supply means building more dams, increasing the energy supply means building more power stations. But actually we should look at how to reduce demand and decouple resource consumption from economic growth.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Something in the air<\/h2>\n<p>Smog appeared to be the focus of discussion both inside and outside of Beijing\u2019s assembly halls. On the first day of the Lianghui Assembly, the city issued an amber pollution alert, meaning that schools and kindergartens were advised to keep children inside.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bj.jjj.qq.com\/a\/20160303\/045849.htm\">Song Zuying<\/a><\/span>, a member of the CPPCC and famous singer, joked that while members from Beijing might be used to the foul air, those from other parts of the country would have to acclimatise.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">While official figures showed air quality in China had improved in 2015, many people did not feel this was the case,\u00a0One journalist pointed out at a CPPCC press conference.\u00a0<\/span>Wang Guoqing, a CPPCC spokesperson, responded that ending smog will require a sustained effort.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPollution does not form overnight, nor can our efforts to end it see immediate effect,\u201d said Wang.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/2016-01\/29\/c_1117935385.htm\">media reports<\/a>, air pollution\u00a0was one of the main topics\u00a0at local-level Lianghui meetings, with local government work reports citing specific smog targets for the first time.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\">Green belts<\/h2>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">In Beijing, the city government intends\u00a0to reduce PM2.5 levels by 5% in 2016. In northeastern Jilin, officials will launch a clean air action plan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>At the national policy level, CPPCC member Xu <a href=\"https:\/\/auto.sina.com.cn\/news\/hy\/2016-03-05\/detail-ifxqafha0399148.shtml\">Jiankang<\/a> proposed a smog tax and a congestion charge in order to reduce vehicle emissions. People\u2019s Representative Li Sheng said that residential and other buildings should be required to include internal green belts to help clean the air and reduce smog.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3cf9d0cb-574a-a4d6-631f-b1b4e1589c10\">Meanwhile, Yi Jianqiang, a Chinese Academy of Sciences expert added that the precise causes of smog are still unclear and need to be further investigated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The view that smog is caused by vehicle exhaust fumes is more popular with the public than with scientists, he said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China&#8217;s draft\u00a0economic\u00a0plan for the next five years contains new targets that will need to be met if the\u00a0country\u00a0is to solve its environmental crises,\u00a0reports Liu Qin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1534,"featured_media":58551,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[513],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-carbon-emissions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>13th Five-Year Plan is the first to include PM2.5 targets | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China&#039;s draft\u00a0economic\u00a0plan for the next five years contains new targets that will need to be met if the\u00a0country\u00a0is to solve its environmental crises,\u00a0reports Liu Qin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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