{"id":33756,"date":"2016-03-24T16:24:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-24T16:24:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-20T11:52:53","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T11:52:53","slug":"8756-bonn-chengdu-three-lessons-from-green-city-partnerships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/8756-bonn-chengdu-three-lessons-from-green-city-partnerships\/","title":{"rendered":"Bonn-Chengdu: Three lessons from green city partnerships"},"content":{"rendered":"

As China continues to urbanise, its cities have become one of the major sources of greenhouse gases. In recent years, Chinese cities have made ambitious promises to cut emissions. Thirty six cities (accounting for 33% of China\u2019s GDP and <\/span>18.5% of its population<\/a>) have joined the Low Carbon City Pilots programme<\/a> (LCCPs) introduced by the Chinese government in 2010. Almost two-thirds of these cities have set more ambitious targets than the national goal of a 45% reduction of carbon intensity.<\/p>\n

Chinese cities have reached out to the international community to accelerate low carbon development. Many cities have either signed bilateral cooperation agreements with international counterparts or joined initiatives such as <\/span>C40 Cities climate Leadership Group<\/a> and the more recent Alliance of Peaking Pioneer Cities<\/a>. In particular, a number of city-to-city initiatives have been announced recently between Chinese, European and American cities, including Shenzhen-Los Angeles and Beijing-Los Angeles<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Over the past seven years, I have been involved in EU-China projects on low carbon city development, including the <\/span>Bonn-Chengdu Low Carbon City Partnership<\/a> through collaboration with Germanwatch \u2013 one of 12 partnerships established under an EU-China programme<\/a> launched in 2012. \u00a0The two cities worked together to draw up strategies<\/a> to reduce energy, water and waste consumption in their hotels, restaurants and conference venues.<\/p>\n

The tourist industry is an important income source for both cities and so offered a good first step to reduce emissions. It took more than two years for the two cities to agree on areas of cooperation and draw up a credible plan \u2013 in this case, it focused on tourism. Although each city partnership will be different, a few important lessons emerged from the Bonn-Chengdu experience that can help other cities get the most out of these partnerships.<\/p>\n

Bonn-Chengdu equal partnership <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Unlike the \u201cone-directional\u201d flow of resources from western to Chinese cities in the past, city-to-city cooperation denotes a more equal partnership between cities. A more equal exchange of resources, skills, experiences between two cities promotes a stronger commitment from both sides. This also helps cities to identify areas of common interest to cooperate on.<\/p>\n

For example, after lengthy discussions and numerous visits, Bonn<\/a> (the former capital of West Germany and the headquarters of the UN\u2019s climate arm) and Chengdu (one of China\u2019s biggest cities) agreed to collaborate on \u2018sustainable tourism\u2019 based on the flagship \u2018Sustainable Bonn\u2019<\/a> project, which had been running for a few years. This has involved sharing experiences<\/a>\u00a0on building waste ‘cogeneration’\u00a0plants (or Combined Heat and Power plants – where heat and electricity are produced simultaneously), district heating and electric mobility.<\/p>\n

Creating an equal partnership between cities requires commitment and planning. City administrations need to build trust and an understanding of each other\u2019s processes and culture, as well as work across various departments. This goes against the expectations of many Chinese cities that are used to the \u2018one-directional\u2019 method of cooperation where money flows in quickly and projects could start almost immediately. Hence it is crucial that expectations are managed from the very beginning. <\/span><\/p>\n

The use of a \u2018middleman\u2019 who understands the work culture of both cities can greatly accelerate this process. This could either be a non-governmental organisation (in the case of the Bonn-Chengdu partnership) or a business entity such as a consultancy firm (in the case of the Shanghai-London Low Carbon Partnership<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Government buy-in<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ideally, low carbon city partnership should become an integral part of a city\u2019s strategy instead of a fringe initiative handled by the foreign affairs department. Different government departments must appreciate the\u00a0importance of the partnership, with strong leadership from city mayors. This requires a strong inter-departmental communication strategy and coordination, which is often lacking. One good example of inter-departmental engagement was demonstrated by the Chengdu city government, led by the local Development and Reform Commission (DRC), which set up consultations with the various departments to compile a list of potential cooperative projects with Bonn.<\/p>\n

Western cities tend to struggle to find reciprocal benefits from Chinese cities in the short-term because of the different stages of development or governance practices. As a result, low carbon city partnerships are not prioritised when it comes to budget and resource allocation. In Bonn\u2019s case, the lack of financial investment was overcome by contributions resulting from\u00a0expert\u00a0consultations projects, such as \u2018Sustainable Bonn\u2019 project. However, cities need to focus on the long-term benefits of such collaboration \u2013 a more secure future that reduces climate risks for all cities. In addition, Chinese cities can become a test bed for the deployment of new technology\/systems as they do not face the problem of infrastructure legacy in developed cities.<\/p>\n

Public participation<\/strong><\/p>\n

City partnerships need to garner support from the top city leadership down to individual citizens. Creating interest the capacity of the public\u2013 such as civil society organisations and business associations \u2013 to participate is critical. This ensures that the partnership is not subject to the whim of the political leadership, where commitments and interests fade away when the local mayor or party secretary moves on or government priorities change.<\/p>\n

Involving non-governmental representatives can also unleash innovation and resources beyond the capability of the government. For the Bonn-Chengdu partnership, a \u2018tripartite\u2019 group of local governments, NGOs and business contact points was set up. These groups carried out technical training for businesses and mobilised the public to develop low carbon lifestyles.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, government officials tend to exclude NGOs and businesses in the name of efficiency, especially in China. Many low carbon city partnerships also mainly focus on technical cooperation with government affiliated research bodies. This not only limits the efficiency and potential scope of cooperation but also weakens the sustainability of the Bonn-Chengdu partnership.<\/p>\n

The growing capacity of civil society and business groups in China to engage on low carbon issues provides a great opportunity for cities to create new ways of governance that maximise the use of local resources. For both western and Chinese cities, low carbon city partnerships should more actively engage citizens. Civil society and business groups can play a strategic role in bridging the \u2018knowledge\u2019 and \u2018trust\u2019 gap by working as partners with local government.<\/p>\n

Chinese cities can accelerate the clean transition by building a meaningful exchange of ideas and resources with their international counterparts \u2013 particularly through partnerships that focus on long-term and inclusive collaboration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Closer cooperation between Chinese and western cities can help drive common solutions on climate change, if partnerships are formed in a more constructive way, writes\u00a0Shinwei Ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":750,"featured_media":58593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[513,544],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-finance"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBonn-Chengdu: Three lessons from green city partnerships | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Closer cooperation between Chinese and western cities can help drive common solutions on climate change, if partnerships are formed in a more constructive way, writes\u00a0Shinwei Ng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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