{"id":33841,"date":"2016-04-21T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-21T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-19T20:59:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T20:59:37","slug":"8841-can-traditional-chinese-medicine-end-cruelty-to-china-s-bears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/8841-can-traditional-chinese-medicine-end-cruelty-to-china-s-bears\/","title":{"rendered":"Can traditional Chinese medicine end cruelty to China’s bears?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The use of bear bile in traditional Chinese medicine is overwhelmingly unpopular in public opinion.\u00a0But the big question is how this pressure can persuade Chinese pharmaceutical companies to end a\u00a0practice\u00a0that is\u00a0blamed for cruelty to\u00a0tens of\u00a0thousands of bears, many of them dying prematurely.<\/p>\n

A recent survey has found that 98%\u00a0of Chinese people regard the extraction of bile, a valuable ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, from live bears as cruel. Almost\u00a084% have\u00a0called\u00a0for the method\u00a0to be banned outright.<\/span><\/p>\n

The tradition\u00a0has become increasingly taboo in recent years as animal rights has\u00a0become a mainstream issue for Chinese citizens, particularly for younger generations.<\/p>\n

The debate came to a head in 2012 after\u00a0Guizhentang Pharmaceutical, which extracts,\u00a0processes and sells bear bile,\u00a0failed to complete fund-raising through an\u00a0Initial Public Offering (IPO).<\/p>\n

Since then, the\u00a0issue\u00a0has become an increasingly fraught, with\u00a0wildlife groups pitched against\u00a0those that promote bear bile\u2019s commercial use.<\/p>\n

Towards the end of 2015, the Guizhentang again applied for a market listing despite one of the company’s\u00a0founders, Qiu Shuhua, telling<\/a> state media CCTV,\u00a0\u201cif we\u2019d known this (scale of opposition)\u00a0would happen we wouldn\u2019t have tried to IPO\u00a0(in 2012).\u201d<\/p>\n

Last month, animal protection charity Ta Foundation joined forces with international organisations including World Animal Protection and zoologists to hold the first <\/span>Asia Bear Forum in Beijing<\/a>. The forum called on Guizhentang and other companies to end the process\u00a0of live bile extraction. No bear farming firms attended.<\/p>\n

A recent online survey<\/a><\/span> by Dataway, a Chinese intelligence group, revealed that residents in ten cities saw three reasons for shutting down the industry: cruelty to bears, the existence of synthetic alternatives, and the risk of infection being passed from the bears to humans.<\/p>\n

Ta Foundation secretary Zhang Xiaohai estimated that it would\u00a0cost 12 billion yuan (US$1.85 billion) to close down the industry \u2013 this would cover the purchase of 30,000 bears from China\u2019s registered 67 bear farms, compensation payments to the farms, their workers, and the pharmaceutical factories.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf we don\u2019t act now those 30,000 bears will become 60,000, and it will become even more costly,\u201d said Zhang.<\/p>\n

Zhang told chinadialogue<\/em> that 99% of bears subject to tubeless bile extraction suffer from painful gallbladder infections, and that many rescued bears go on to die of liver cancer. As well as causing excruciating\u00a0pain to the bears, the presence of illness and infection poses serious health risks to the human consumers of bear products.<\/p>\n

Bear bile has been used in Chinese medicine<\/a> since the Tang dynasty, mainly in the treatment of gallstones, fever, burns and liver and heart disease.<\/span><\/p>\n

In light of the most recent IPO bid, animal protection agencies have called for individual companies to change their methods. chinadialogue<\/em> was not able to reach Guizhentang for comment.<\/p>\n

Data released by the firm<\/a>,\u00a0which was founded in 2002,\u00a0shows that following its first IPO attempt between 2013 and August 2015, its assets almost doubled in\u00a0value to\u00a0334 million yuan (US$52 million)\u00a0while it now farms 899 bears, up from 400 in 2013.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nImage by\u00a0<\/span><\/span>AnimalsAsia<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Opposition at the forum<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

At the forum, Dataway released the findings of its survey. Over 70% of respondents had never purchased bear bile products before, and of that group 90% said they would never use or buy them in the future.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe market is contracting, and the outlook is negative,\u201d concluded the report.<\/p>\n

Guo Ziyi, head of the cultural centre at the National Development and Reform Commission\u2019s Investment Association, was blunt in saying she would not invest in Guizhentang. The company has attempted to list twice, in 2012 and 2015, and faced opposition on both occasions, indicating wider problems within the industry.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe only invest in emerging industries, not those on the way out,\u201d said Guo.<\/p>\n

Pu Zhengji, a researcher with the Changbaishan Academy of Sciences\u2019 Institute of Zoology, told chinadialogue<\/em>\u00a0that\u00a0he did not agree with Zhang Xiaohai\u2019s view that the cost of an industry shutdown would be\u00a012 billion yuan.<\/p>\n

He added that\u00a0the captive rearing of bears \u2013 which runs parallel to the illegal bear bile trade provides income for many bear farmers \u2013 does nothing to protect the animals in the wild.<\/p>\n

Pu explained that wild bear populations in Changbaishan, an area close to the border with North Korea, have been shrinking in numbers because of the building of bear farms nearby, which capture wild bears for breeding purposes. <\/span><\/p>\n

Over the past two decades, tourist numbers in the scenic area have increased from\u00a0the\u00a0thousands to over one million per year, translating into\u00a0high demand for bear bile products.<\/p>\n

According to those who use it, wild bears are thought to produce the type of bear bile that is most effective.<\/p>\n

Xie Yan, a deputy researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2019 Institute of Zoology, said that animals bred in captivity, including bears and Siberian tigers, cannot be released back into the wild,\u00a0and therefore do not help the conservation of wild populations, as some captive breeders argue.<\/p>\n

Xie added that captive breeding is only appropriate when numbers in the wild are so low that there is a threat of extinction, which does not apply in this instance.
\n\u201cWe cannot use animals at will simply because we learn how to breed them. It\u2019s unimaginable that pandas or Siberian tigers would ever become a regular part of our diet,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Barriers to a ban<\/b><\/p>\n

According to Guo Ziyi, the high profit yield has made many bear farmers reluctant to abandon their trade. Adapting their methods would result in financial loss as existing buildings, bears and staff became redundant.<\/p>\n

Bear bile extraction is\u00a0profitable because bear bile is a valued ingredient in Chinese medicine. The difficulty of catching bears means the ingredient was not widely used. In the early 1980s, techniques used in North Korea for extracting bile from live bears were adopted in China, where the practice quickly grew and became commercialised.<\/p>\n

Due to its pharmaceutical properties, the identification of a suitable replacement is crucial if the process\u00a0is to be banned.<\/p>\n

In response to the 2012 controversy, Health Minister Chen Lan<\/a> said that when human health and animal protection come into conflict, the standard of reasonable behaviour should be to minimise harm and maximise benefit.<\/p>\n

He said: \u201cif other materials, other methods, can be used to produce the same pharmaceutical effect, there\u2019s no need to mistreat animals.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Wang Guoqiang head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine<\/a>, claims that finding an effective alternative will be difficult given the substance\u2019s complex make-up.<\/p>\n

One traditional Chinese doctor told <\/span>chinadialogue<\/em> that modern scientific methods can synthesise the main component of bear bile \u2013 but there is still a large difference in efficacy between the natural and artificial versions.<\/p>\n

A senior wildlife official said privately that the campaign to ban bile extraction from live bears may be part of a conspiracy to help Western medicine grow while holding back traditional Chinese techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Zhao Zhonghua, chief China representative for World Animal Protection, China is the origin and the biggest producer and consumer of traditional Chinese medicines \u2013 yet the Chinese medicine market is worth more in both Japan and Singapore. Neither of those countries use bear bile. Bear bile heart pills, which are very popular in Japan, are now made with a synthesised alternative, so they can be sold around the world.<\/p>\n

Zhao added: \u201ca development plan for Chinese medicine<\/a> aims to modernise Chinese medicine, and that means dealing with the bear bile problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

The use of this cruel practice, imported from North Korea, damages the reputation of Chinese medicine and holds back its development.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Animal campaigners have stepped\u00a0up their campaign to end China’s cruel bear bile trade, writes\u00a0Liu Qin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1534,"featured_media":58655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,764],"tags":[551,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-33841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-nature","tag-health","tag-wildlife"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCan traditional Chinese medicine end cruelty to China's bears? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Animal campaigners have stepped\u00a0up their campaign to end China's cruel bear bile trade, writes\u00a0Liu Qin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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