{"id":34031,"date":"2016-06-21T10:20:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T10:20:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-09T14:35:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-09T14:35:51","slug":"9031-china-raises-alarm-over-argentine-beef","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/9031-china-raises-alarm-over-argentine-beef\/","title":{"rendered":"China raises alarm over Argentine beef"},"content":{"rendered":"

For many, the idea of Argentine beef conjures up bucolic scenes of plump cattle grazing insouciantly in the open Pampas. But the reality of the industry is very different.<\/span><\/p>\n

Over<\/a><\/span>\u00a070% of the country\u2019s cattle are reared in feedlots – enclosed plots use for intensive animal farming –\u00a0according to the\u00a0Argentine Feedlot Chamber<\/a>, a number that is only likely to rise.<\/p>\n

A growing demand for beef from countries like China has more Argentine farmers switching to intensive production in tiny lots in order to maximise profits, a process known as \u201cprecision cattle raising\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ricardo Buryaile, Argentina\u2019s minister of agriculture, recently\u00a0expressed<\/a>\u00a0his country\u2019s desire to become a world-leading agricultural exporter, and identified China as a principal destination for a range of products including fruit, milk and meat.<\/p>\n

Yet Argentine beef exports to China came under scrutiny recently after a shipment was found by China\u2019s inspection and quarantine services (<\/span>CIQ<\/a>) to contain the banned antibiotic chloramphenicol<\/a>. Chinese authorities immediately stopped unloading the 11,000 tonne shipment, which will have most likely been destroyed.<\/p>\n

Argentina\u2019s National Health and Food Quality Service (SENASA) took samples from the slaughterhouse where the shipment was processed and the ranch where it was reared before releasing a\u00a0<\/span>statement<\/a>\u00a0saying the incident was a one-off. Tests revealed that the drug had not shown up in more than 40,000\u00a0previous samples.<\/p>\n

The agency insisted meat exports from Argentina to China, worth some US$200 million (1.3 billion yuan)\u00a0annually, would continue as normal.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2015, China imported over forty thousand tonnes of Argentine beef, accounting for 36% of Argentina\u2019s total exports. The figure represents a 110% increase on the previous year.\u00a0But despite SENASA\u2019s best efforts, some analysts fear that the detection of a banned substance could negatively\u00a0impact<\/a>\u00a0meat exports to a country increasingly concerned about food safety.<\/p>\n

Miguel Lovera of the Centre for Research on Rural Law and Agrarian Reform at the\u00a0<\/span>Catholic University of Asunci\u00f3n<\/a>, Paraguay, has doubts about the ethics of mass production of beef in South America: \u201cIt would surprise me if this were an isolated incident,\u201d he told\u00a0Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost Argentinean beef now is produced in huge feedlots where conditions are grim from a sanitary point of view, and control authorities are very corrupt,\u201d Lovera said, adding that growing Chinese demand for Latin American beef is also associated with considerable\u00a0<\/span>environmental impacts<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Argentina has a murky history of disease outbreak in its beef industry.\u00a0 The country restarted<\/a><\/span>\u00a0exporting beef to China in 2011 after a 2006 outbreak of foot and mouth disease only a year after trade had been restored following a previous outbreak in 2001.\u00a0China has now become Argentina\u2019s \u00a0largest overseas consumer, overtaking Chile and Russia.<\/p>\n

See also: Are cows raised in forests better for the environment?\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trade impacts<\/strong><\/p>\n

Though the chloramphenicol incident might be the first involving beef from Argentina, similar cases have strained relations with China\u2019s other important trade partners.<\/p>\n

In 2014, Chinese authorities stopped imports of large quantities of Australian beef due to a high presence of hormone growth promotants (HGP<\/a>s).<\/p>\n

Yang Miao, vice-president of\u00a0<\/span>Meat International Group<\/a>, a Chinese export consultancy firm that specialises in beef, told chinadialogue<\/em>‘s sister site\u00a0Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>\u00a0that the furore caused a sudden shortage in supply as it was later discovered that 70% of Australian beef imports failed to meet new Chinese standards.<\/p>\n

However, Miao downplayed the risks of a similar collapse in Argentine meat exports to China: \u201cThis case may be a one-off, and generally this will mean the shipment is returned or destroyed,\u201d he said, adding:\u00a0\u201ctThe impact of this case will depend on whether it leads to new standards.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

As for\u00a0penalties, Miao says the government won\u2019t fine the importer so long as products haven\u2019t been sold on.<\/p>\n

Food safety<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chloramphenicol is one of the many drugs that rings alarm bells for the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA<\/a>). In 2015, meat products such as beef, pork and poultry sampled from different domestic suppliers were\u00a0discovered<\/a>\u00a0to have residues that exceeded permitted levels.<\/p>\n

Widespread fears about\u00a0food safety within China led to the creation of CFDA in 2013 to replace the old State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA).<\/span><\/p>\n

The move elevated the body to the level of ministry in an\u00a0attempt<\/a>\u00a0to restore consumer confidence after several\u00a0scandals<\/a>\u00a0rocked the country. Most notorious was the 2008 tainted\u00a0milk powder scandal<\/a>\u00a0which led to the deaths of at least four babies and left thousands more ill; and in 2013 the discovery of an illicit meat ring selling fox and rat meat as mutton.<\/p>\n

According to Wang Jing, food and agriculture officer of Greenpeace China, the ministry is still coming to terms with its newfound status and is largely handled by the same departments as before.<\/span><\/p>\n

Side effects<\/b><\/p>\n

Chloramphenicol<\/a><\/span>\u00a0was first obtained from a Venezuelan soil fungus in 1947 and was commonly used to treat bacterial infections such as typhoid fever and conjunctivitis.<\/p>\n

It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale, but was later linked to serious adverse health effects, such as the rare blood disorder aplastic anaemia and grey baby syndrome \u2013 which can make newborns sick and lethargic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Use of chloramphenicol is highly restricted in both humans and animals, though it can still be found in drops for eye and ear infections in animals as well as other veterinary medicines. Due of the serious side effects in humans, various health agencies worldwide banned its usage in animals reared for human consumption in the 1980s, with SENASA following suit in 1995.<\/p>\n

Diplomatic mission<\/strong><\/p>\n

Both SENASA and the Chinese authorities have\u00a0agreed<\/a>\u00a0this was an exceptional case. Argentine meat exports to China have so far not been affected and will not be subject to especially intense safety checks.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the cattle ranch responsible for supplying the tainted beef has had\u00a0its output temporarily suspended\u00a0while the Chinese authorities analyse a report by Jorge Dillon, president of SENASA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lingering doubts<\/strong><\/p>\n

The European Union recently\u00a0<\/span>decided<\/a> to lift a restriction on Argentine animal products that has been in place since 2003.<\/p>\n

Argentina has only exported frozen and deboned beef to China, since deboning\u00a0<\/span>separates<\/a>\u00a0meat from bone marrow, where foot and mouth disease can be found.<\/p>\n

Freezing also helps exterminate some bacteria and extend shelf-life.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ricardo Negri, Argentina\u2019s secretary of agriculture, livestock and fishing, reaffirmed in Beijing recently that\u00a0<\/span>meat remains a priority export<\/a>: \u201cWe\u2019re going to be able to advance with fresh beef and mutton. I think we\u2019ll be hearing good news by the end of the year.\u201d<\/p>\n

SENASA did not respond to\u00a0<\/span>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>\u2019s request for comment.<\/p>\n

This report appeared originally in\u00a0<\/span>Di\u00e1logo Chino\u00a0and can be found here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Argentina\u2019s move towards intensive cattle farming has prompted concern in one of its main export markets, writes Ardash Vartparonian<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2299,"featured_media":58793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763],"tags":[546,561,564],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-34031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","tag-food-security","tag-livestock","tag-meat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina raises alarm over Argentine beef | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Argentina\u2019s move towards intensive cattle farming has prompted concern in one of its main export markets, writes Ardash Vartparonian\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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