{"id":34045,"date":"2016-07-06T10:44:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-06T10:44:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-09T12:47:44","modified_gmt":"2020-10-09T12:47:44","slug":"9045-how-nordic-nations-are-leading-on-climate-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/9045-how-nordic-nations-are-leading-on-climate-action\/","title":{"rendered":"How Nordic nations are leading on climate action"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Every country on Earth must choose clean energy and quit carbon if the world is to reach zero net carbon emissions by the end of this century, as outlined in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2015\/12\/paris-agreement-turning-point-climate-solution\">Paris Agreement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Leading the pack in this momentous transition are Nordic nations such as Norway, whose parliament this month <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2016\/jun\/15\/norway-pledges-to-become-climate-neutral-by-2030\">voted to become carbon neutral by 2030<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">\u201cThis is a direct response to the commitments Norway took on by ratifying the Paris Agreement and means that we will have to step up our climate action dramatically,\u201d Rasmus Hansson, leader of the Norwegian Green party in Parliament, told the <\/span><em>Guardian <\/em>after the vote.<\/p>\n<p>The Nordic countries were among the first nations to price carbon, with Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon_tax\">all adopting carbon taxes in the early 1990s<\/a>. By dint of geography and policy, these countries are clean energy front-runners. Hydropower <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electricity_sector_in_Norway\">supplies 95% of Norway\u2019s electricity<\/a>. Wind turbines <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energinet.dk\/EN\/El\/Nyheder\/Sider\/Dansk-vindstroem-slaar-igen-rekord-42-procent.aspx\">supplied 42% of Denmark\u2019s electricity in 2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/9119-how-china-can-stop-wasting-wind-energy\/\">See also: How China can stop wasting wind energy<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\"><strong>Transport revolution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Norway has already nearly decarbonised its power supply but it will be much harder to cut carbon emissions in other sectors. Owing to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2016\/05\/24\/this-country-has-hit-a-major-milestone-for-electric-cars-heres-how.html\">generous tax, toll, and parking incentives<\/a>, Norway is a world leader in the deployment of electric vehicles. EVs (including both plug-in hybrid and all-electric models) <a href=\"https:\/\/evobsession.com\/norways-sales-figures-may-2016-show-move-towards-phevs\/\">comprised 29% of new car sales<\/a> in May 2016. Officials in Oslo, Norway\u2019s capital and most populous city, are also working to persuade residents to opt for means other than cars to get around. On June 23, the City Council <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2016\/06\/23\/oslo-votes-to-slash-emissions-95-by-2030\/\">voted<\/a> to ban cars from the city centre by 2019 and approved a plan to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 95% from 1990 levels by 2030.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">\u201cA key part of the plan is to prioritise pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transport before car traffic, both when it comes to investments in infrastructure and the use of space,\u201d Lan Marie Nguyen\u00a0Berg,\u00a0Oslo\u2019s vice mayor\u00a0for the environment, told <\/span><em>Climate Home<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">The bicycle urbanism experts at Copenhagenize Design Company<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.copenhagenize.com\/2016\/06\/the-oslo-standard-next-level-bicycle.html\">call<\/a> Oslo\u2019s new bicycle infrastructure plan, which prioritises Copenhagen-style, curb-separated cycle tracks, \u201cone of the most interesting and inspiring documents we\u2019ve seen coming out of a municipality anywhere in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\"><strong>Pack leaders<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Denmark is pursuing an even more aggressive path. In my new e-book, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/1TeDGeA\">Quitting Carbon: How Denmark Is Leading the Clean Energy Transition and Winning the Race to the Low-Carbon Future<\/a>,\u201d I describe how beginning in the mid-1970s Denmark\u2019s power and heating sectors <a href=\"https:\/\/stateofgreen.com\/en\/files\/State-of-Green-The-Political-Framework\">shifted<\/a> first from oil to coal and, later, from coal to energy efficiency and clean energy supplied by biomass, the sun, and\u00a0wind.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">Under an energy agreement <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efkm.dk\/node\/839\">approved by Parliament in March 2012<\/a>, all sectors \u2013 electricity, heating, industry, and transportation \u2013 are to be fossil fuel-free by 2050. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ens.dk\/sites\/ens.dk\/files\/policy\/danish-climate-energy-policy\/danishclimatepolicyplan_uk.pdf\">plan<\/a> approved by the Danish Government in August 2013 added medium-term targets. It prohibited the use of oil for heating and all uses of coal by 2030, and stated that the electricity and heating sectors will be 100% renewable by 2035.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">Unlike Norway, Denmark does not have a plentiful and cheap supply of domestic hydropower. The country is, however, making every effort to harness its abundant wind resources. The March 2012 energy agreement calls for 50% of Denmark\u2019s electricity to be supplied by wind turbines by 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In practice, this means Denmark is working to electrify every segment of the economy \u2013 from the power sector to heating to private automobiles. The predominantly state-owned utility DONG Energy recently invested US$10.3 million <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dongenergy.com\/en\/media\/newsroom\/news\/articles\/electric-boilers-make-energy-greener-in-aarhus\">to install Denmark\u2019s largest electric boiler<\/a>, which will convert cheap surplus wind electricity into carbon-free heat for the district heating system in Aarhus, Denmark\u2019s second city.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">In rural areas where homes are not connected to one of Denmark\u2019s district heating networks, oil-burning furnaces are being replaced with electric heat pumps. In time, the battery packs in thousands of electric vehicles will charge with surplus wind power at night.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Denmark\u2019s decades-long clean energy transition is delivering results. The country\u2019s adjusted gross energy consumption is essentially <a href=\"https:\/\/stateofgreen.com\/en\/news\/lowest-energy-consumption-in-more-than-40-years\">unchanged from the early 1970s<\/a>. By the end of 2014, renewable energy sources <a href=\"https:\/\/stateofgreen.com\/en\/profiles\/danish-energy-agency\/news\/renewables-now-cover-more-than-half-of-electricity-consumption\">accounted for more than 53% of Denmark\u2019s domestic electricity supply<\/a>. The country\u2019s CO2 emissions have <a href=\"https:\/\/stateofgreen.com\/en\/profiles\/danish-energy-agency\/news\/renewables-now-cover-more-than-half-of-electricity-consumption\">declined by 27.4% since 1990<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c0237b3b-9175-3c50-c1ab-d5d2c36efb9a\">While Denmark has focused on domestic actions to reduce its emissions, Norway\u2019s just-announced 2030 target <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2016\/06\/14\/how-will-norway-go-carbon-neutral-from-2030\/\">relies on EU and international carbon offsets<\/a>. A looming challenge is the carbon footprint of country\u2019s oil and gas sector.<\/p>\n<p>The 2030 plan does not compel Norway&#8217;s lucrative oil and gas industry to make domestic emissions cuts. Legacy fossil fuel assets are also problematic for Norway&#8217;s neighbor, Sweden. On July 2, Sweden&#8217;s centre-left government\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-07-02\/sweden-clears-sale-of-vattenfall-s-german-lignite-plants-to-eph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved the sale<\/a>\u00a0of the German lignite (brown coal) assets held by state-owned utility Vattenfall to Czech utility EPH. Climate campaigners, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/algore\/status\/747872304168841216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Al Gore<\/a>, had implored the government to explore ways to keep the coal in the ground. Instead, Sweden will spend 300 million SEK (US$35.6 million \/ 308.8 million yuan) annually from 2018-2040\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.government.se\/press-releases\/2016\/07\/real-emission-reductions-and-more-pressure-on-the-eu-due-to-new-swedish-eu-ets-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to buy and cancel allowances<\/a>\u00a0from the EU&#8217;s emissions trading system.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Both examples reinforce how difficult it will be to achieve the climate targets enshrined in the Paris Agreement. After all, when exported Norwegian oil is consumed in the US or India, for example, the resulting carbon emissions don&#8217;t besmirch Norway&#8217;s carbon totals. Likewise, the carbon emitted by Vattenfall&#8217;s lignite-fired power plants in Germany, accrues to Germany&#8217;s carbon ledger, not to Sweden&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>Electrification, biofuels, and energy efficiency solutions \u2013 deployed in the Nordic nations and beyond \u2013 must succeed in driving down demand for fossil fuels everywhere. In the end, when counting carbon, the only numbers that matter are global.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world can learn a lot from Sweden, Norway and Denmark&#8217;s ambitious targets on carbon, writes author\u00a0Justin Gerdes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":752,"featured_media":58805,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-34045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Nordic nations are leading on climate action | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world can learn a lot from Sweden, Norway and 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