{"id":34266,"date":"2016-09-22T11:54:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T11:54:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-08T10:16:21","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T10:16:21","slug":"9266-belo-monte-power-line-passes-through-brazil-s-amazon-and-cerrado-savannah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/9266-belo-monte-power-line-passes-through-brazil-s-amazon-and-cerrado-savannah\/","title":{"rendered":"Belo Monte power line passes through Brazil&#8217;s Amazon and Cerrado Savannah"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Two giant transmission lines transporting electricity from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/belo-monte-power-lines-will-clear-extensive-vegetation\/\">Belo Monte<\/a>&nbsp;hydroelectric project, in&nbsp;northern Brazil,&nbsp;to a sub-station 2,100-kilometres away will clear areas of native vegetation equivalent to 1,700 football pitches in the Amazon and Cerrado Savannah.<\/p>\n<p>State Grid, China\u2019s largest state-owned electric utility, will construct the lines. The company&nbsp;has become&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/china-takes-leading-role-in-brazils-power-sector\/\">a major player<\/a>&nbsp;in Brazil\u2019s electricity generation and distribution sectors since arriving in the country in 2010. The first line will&nbsp;travel from Belo Monte,&nbsp;in the Amazonian state of Par\u00e1, to Ibiraci in Minas Gerais state in the power-hungry southeast of the country.<\/p>\n<p>Once fully operational, Belo Monte will become the world\u2019s third largest dam with an installed capacity of 11.2 gigawatts (GW). Despite&nbsp;delays and controversies over its impacts on the ecology of the Xingu&nbsp;River and indigenous communities, the project&nbsp;began generating power for commercial use earlier this year. The station is currently operating with one turbine; all 18 turbines are&nbsp;expected to be online by&nbsp;2019.<\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmte.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/RIMA.pdf\">impact study<\/a> for the first transmission line, 1,725 hectares of native vegetation in Brazil\u2019s two largest biomes will be lost during its construction; with the majority&nbsp;(1,016 hectares) from the Cerrado Savannah. The Amazon will lose 709 hectares of native vegetation. The line also runs close to 10&nbsp;conservation areas, three of which are federally protected.<\/p>\n<p>The second line will be 2,500 kilometres in length and will deliver power to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Environmental studies for this second line do not mention how much vegetation will have to be cleared in order to erect the transmission towers.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-Y6I48yPwKw\" width=\"560\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"caption\">Source: Milton Leal\/&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">Di\u00e1logo&nbsp;Chino<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, supporters of the project&nbsp;claim its&nbsp;benefits outweigh the costs.<\/p>\n<p>The power line&nbsp;is the first in Brazil&nbsp;to use Chinese-made&nbsp;ultra-high-voltage technology, which&nbsp;allows&nbsp;electricity to&nbsp;be transported over longer distances requiring fewer&nbsp;substations&nbsp;while minimising energy&nbsp;losses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Newton Zerbini, environmental director at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmte.com.br\/\">Belo Monte Transmissora da Energia<\/a>&nbsp;(a State Grid majority-owned company), says that by using such long-distance&nbsp;technology&nbsp;supplementary generation projects are not needed, and in long-run, harmful&nbsp;secondary impacts are avoided.<br \/>\n<strong>\u200b<br \/>\nLicensing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Brazil has complex environmental legislation, comprising over 20,000 standards. Navigating this legal framework is a difficult task for foreign companies, such as State Grid,&nbsp;who often see them as cumbersome and an impediment to economic development. The level of environmental regulation in Brazil has come into sharp focus since Michel Temer was confirmed as impeached former president Dilma Rousseff\u2019s replacement on September 1.<\/p>\n<p>Temer\u2019s new cabinet includes members of powerful agribusiness lobbies, who have long argued for an end to environmental licensing, which would allow deals to be struck without the need for environmental assessments and permits. Environmentalists say that the approval of a proposed legal amendment (known as PEC 65\/2012) will mean infrastructure projects could get the green light irrespective of their social or environmental impacts.<\/p>\n<p>The environmental licensing process for energy projects in Brazil can cause delays that last for years. The licensing process for both Belo Monte transmission lines, however, was relatively swift.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey obtained the preliminary licensing in six months,\u201d says Cl\u00e1udia Barros energy coordinator at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibama.gov.br\/\">Brazilian<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibama.gov.br\/\"> Institute of the Environment\u2019s<\/a>&nbsp;(IBAMA), an energy licensing board. Barros&nbsp;said<em>&nbsp;<\/em>that one of the reasons was&nbsp;that the new technology removes the need for additional&nbsp;power generators to build along the route.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Last year,&nbsp;State Grid Brasil president Cai Honxgian personally visiting IBAMA&nbsp;to discuss their application, and potential&nbsp;delays which the company sees as a major risk to project. State Grid hired Concremat Ambiental to conduct the environmental impact studies.<br \/>\n\u200b<br \/>\nZerbini, who sits on joint board meetings on environmental issues with Chinese directors said they find it difficult to comprehend Brazil\u2019s regulations. \u201cThings are very different in their country,\u201d he told&nbsp;<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>According to \u00canio Fonseca, president of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fmase.com.br\/\">Environmental Forum of the Electricity Sector<\/a>&nbsp;(FMASE), Chinese companies operating in Brazil prefer to delegate environmental compliance issues&nbsp;to local partners. \u201cIf they don\u2019t have their own staff with the appropriate competencies, they have the resources to hire companies that specialise in these matters,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stategridbr.com\/\">State Grid<\/a>&nbsp;is an important player in Brazil and now controls over 10,000 kilometres of transmission lines having recently acquired&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cpfl.riweb.com.br\/Show.aspx?IdMateria=OpM1LNd1Y8FHxY1zwAMcqw==&amp;amp;linguagem=en\">a 23% stake in CPFL Energia<\/a>, one of the country\u2019s largest energy generation, distribution, and sales companies.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/1831\/transmission_line.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/1831\/transmission_line.png\" style=\"width: 560px; height: 471px;\"><\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">Di\u00e1logo&nbsp;Chino<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Social problems<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/uruacu.siteoficial.ws\/\">Urua\u00e7u<\/a>, a settlement of 40,000 people in the Goi\u00e1s countryside, BMTE has built accommodation for the transmission line\u2019s workforce just a few kilometres from the city centre. The project has created many jobs for the locals, but has also raised social concerns as three brothels have sprung up less than 20 metres from worker\u2019s housing. Thiago C\u00e9sar Meireles, Urua\u00e7u\u2019s secretary for the environment says this is normal.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWherever there is a large population of men, this type of trade opens. The workers live in houses with 10, sometimes 50 men. When they get paid, they want to relax,\u201d said Meireles, who also acknowledged the project\u2019s environmental impacts.<\/p>\n<p>We contacted State Grid for this article, but the company did&nbsp;not answer questions submitted by e-mail. On the company\u2019s website, the section that addresses the environmental issues of the projects is \u201cunder construction\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><em>The&nbsp;original version of this article was&nbsp;published on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">Di\u00e1logo<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">&nbsp;Chino<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 2,000-km transmission line aims to navigate sensitive biomes and complex environmental laws, reports Milton Leal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2286,"featured_media":58977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,764],"tags":[556,597],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-34266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-nature","tag-infrastructure","tag-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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