{"id":34648,"date":"2017-03-06T10:52:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-06T10:52:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-01T12:11:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T12:11:16","slug":"9648-aiib-plans-to-conditionally-support-coal-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/9648-aiib-plans-to-conditionally-support-coal-power\/","title":{"rendered":"AIIB plans to \u201cconditionally\u201d support coal power"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB<\/a>), which is led and largely funded by China, has closed its second public consultation on its future energy strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the bank\u2019s creation in January 2016, its energy plan has been widely regarded as a key test of AIIB president Jin Liqun\u2019s commitment<\/a> to making the bank \u201cclean, lean and green\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Particular attention<\/a> has focused on whether the bank will prioritise investments in low-carbon renewable technologies or in fossil fuel energy sources, such as coal, which can deliver low-cost, quick wins on energy access but which have long term environmental consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investing in \u201cmodern energy\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since October 2016, the bank has published two drafts of its energy strategy and held two month-long public consultations. It\u2019s worth considering the type and scale of the problems the AIIB is trying to address. The bank\u2019s first draft<\/a> of the strategy stressed that two billion people in Asia still rely on solid fuels such as biomass and that 460 million lack access to electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For these reasons, the development bank\u2019s commitment to \u201cgreen\u201d is tempered by the pressing need to improve energy access and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This would also explain the rather ambiguous phrase \u201cmodern energy\u201d that appears in both drafts to describe the type of energy that will be used to achieve the strategy\u2019s goals. Civil society observers have pointed out<\/a> that \u201cmodern energy\u201d does not necessarily mean clean and renewable energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bank\u2019s investments so far would seem to bear this out. Of the nine projects approved, four are in the energy sector. Despite repeated references to climate change and support for the Paris Agreement in the strategy\u2019s guiding principles, the four approved projects to date have ignored renewables such as wind and solar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instead, investments have focused on bringing energy and electricity to rural areas, upgrading fossil fuel electricity generation, and the \u201cresponsible\u201d construction of hydropower capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calvin Quek, head of Greenpeace East Asia’s Sustainable Finance Programme, said that of the four energy projects approved by the bank<\/a> so far, the majority are unrelated to renewable energy, which fails to clearly reflect the bank\u2019s cited concern over climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Project locations<\/th>Project types<\/th>Approval status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Azerbaijan
<\/td>		Pipeline or transmission<\/td>Approved<\/td><\/tr>
Bangladesh<\/td>Pipeline or transmission<\/td>Approved<\/td><\/tr>
Andhra Pradesh, India<\/td>Pipeline or transmission<\/td>Proposed<\/td><\/tr>
Southern India<\/td>Pipeline or transmission<\/td>Proposed<\/td><\/tr>
Pakistan<\/td>Hydropower extension<\/td>Approved<\/td><\/tr>
Tajikstan<\/td>Hydropower rehabilitation<\/td>Proposed<\/td><\/tr>
Myanmar<\/td>Gas-fired power plant<\/td>Approved<\/td><\/tr>
Bangladesh<\/td>Natural gas field infrastructure and pipeline<\/td>Proposed<\/td><\/tr>
Kazakhstan<\/td>Solar power plant<\/td>Proposed<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Overview of energy projects already approved or under consideration by the AIIB<\/figcaption><\/figure>
Source:<\/span>AIIB. As of March 2, 2017\n\n\n

\u201cConditional\u201d support for coal and hydropower<\/strong><\/p>\n

Given concerns over the <\/span>environmental and health consequences of Asia\u2019s appetite for new coal power, whether the AIIB will invest in coal has been a matter of international interest.<\/p>\n

So far, the bank has not approved investments in coal power. However, the second draft of the energy sector strategy says that efficient and clean oil and coal-fired power plants<\/a> will be considered where they replace older equipment or in regions that are unable to use alternative forms of energy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yang Fuqiang, a senior adviser with the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), said this approach acknowledges the particular circumstances in Asia where developing new sources of energy can take time, and where there is little consensus in practice on how to go about phasing-out coal.<\/p>\n

Yang pointed out that coal use in Japan is still increasing; in Germany it has not fallen significantly; and in the US there are plans to revive the country\u2019s coal industry. While the future of coal is arguably uncertain in developed countries, in emerging and less developed economies there is an urgent need for energy, meaning coal will remain an important technology because it can meet energy demand quickly and cheaply.<\/p>\n

But Yang also stressed that overdevelopment of coal in China has led to severe air quality issues and problems utilising solar and wind energy, significant amounts of which are being wasted.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe challenge now is to avoid the old way of crude and inefficient use of coal, to avoid repeating China\u2019s mistakes. Coal power investments in Asia should be tailored to the locality and spread efficient, clean and energy-saving technology,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Similarly, in the first round of consultations there was controversy<\/a> over whether or not the bank should invest in hydropower. Those in favour regard hydropower as a climate-friendly, zero-emission energy source, while others worry about the impact of hydropower construction on biodiversity and local livelihoods. The long term environmental impact<\/a>s of hydropower development on Asia\u2019s rivers is a cause of increasing concern among environmentalists and civil society.<\/p>\n

But the AIIB has consistently maintained that further hydropower development in Asia is inevitable, as two thirds of potential hydropower energy remains untapped. It is also a relatively cheap technology to develop.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yu Xiaogang of Yunnan NGO Green Watershed said that the energy strategy draft is not cautious or comprehensive enough on hydropower. \u201cIt describes the technological and economic advantages of hydropower, but not the environmental and social disadvantages, and those could have an irreversible impact on the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n

The AIIB already has a joint investment with the World Bank in the Tarbela Dam expansion in Pakistan, and an investment in upgrading the Nurek Hydropower Plant in Tajikistan is being considered.<\/p>\n

Yu is worried that large scale hydropower investments by the bank may result in significant population relocations and other social problems.<\/p>\n

Nuclear off the table <\/strong><\/p>\n

There is also disagreement over whether to invest in nuclear power projects. At the World Economic Forum Davos conference<\/a> in 2016, Jin Liqun stated that nuclear has the advantage of being a clean source of energy and one that can be made safer\u00a0with lessons from\u00a0the Fukushima disaster.<\/p>\n

The first draft of the energy strategy ruled out nuclear investments in principle, but left room for manoeuvre; it could be considered if there was international agreement on a need in a certain location. The second draft was less equivocal, leaving open only the possibility of funding safety improvements in existing nuclear power plants under special circumstances.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yu said the language of the first draft on nuclear power was unclear and that many NGOs had opposed it. Yang Fuqiang said the AIIB may want to avoid nuclear investments because it does not have sufficient resources to fund them, and that many Asian countries cannot afford it either.<\/p>\n

Alignment with the energy transition<\/strong><\/p>\n

Commenting on the draft energy strategy, Li Junfeng, head of the National Centre for Climate Change Strategy at the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said that the AIIB should align itself with the global trend towards clean energy. \u201cThe World Bank basically doesn\u2019t invest in coal power in China,\u201d he pointed out.<\/p>\n

Li said that the AIIB should prioritise\u00a0renewable energy investments over fossil fuels, particularly in countries currently using little coal and where there may be\u00a0less resistance\u00a0to\u00a0the deployment of\u00a0renewables.\u00a0He argues that the AIIB should\u00a0only give “appropriate” consideration to coal investments using \u201cclean\u201d technology. But Yang thinks value for money needs to be considered, too. Despite falling costs, renewables are typically more expensive to deploy than fossil sources, and often only provide power for domestic and smaller industrial users \u2013 not all of Asia\u2019s industry and development needs. Even in China, non-fossil sources of energy will account for only around 20% of primary energy by 2020.<\/p>\n

According to Yang, the AIIB\u2019s energy investments should be inclusive and show foresight. He argues that alongside coal investments, the bank needs to facilitate the transfer of renewable energy\u00a0technology\u00a0so that when Asian nations are ready to transition toward clean energy, they can expand the use of renewables.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experts call for the China-led development bank to lay foundations for Asia\u2019s clean energy transition, write Liu Qing and Tang Damin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2674,"featured_media":59381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,757],"tags":[520],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-34648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-energy","tag-coal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAIIB plans to \u201cconditionally\u201d support coal power | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Experts call for the China-led development bank to lay foundations for Asia\u2019s clean energy transition, write Liu Qing and Tang Damin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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