{"id":34800,"date":"2017-05-18T14:13:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-18T14:13:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-22T10:38:06","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T10:38:06","slug":"9800-bonn-talks-reveal-uncertainty-over-paris-agreement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/9800-bonn-talks-reveal-uncertainty-over-paris-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"Bonn talks reveal uncertainty over Paris Agreement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">Climate negotiations are a highly complex undertaking with one simplifying factor that everything happens in one place. But for the current round of negotiations in Bonn, Germany, even this isn\u2019t the case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>While diplomats have come together from around the world try to hash out a \u201crule book\u201d for operationalising the Paris Agreement, the potential success of the agreement has been called into question by the Trump administration.<\/p>\n<p>The first clue that circumstances had changed was the number of delegates the US sent to Bonn. At just seven people, this was less than half that of Vietnam, whereas Germany registered some 50 people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">During the opening statements, several countries requested the US not turn its back on the Paris Agreement. The potential US withdrawal was also the focus of press conference questions and hallway chitchat. The Chinese delegation, especially, is said to have put pressure on the US, pointing out that a withdrawal from Paris would have severe consequences for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/9722-As-the-US-steps-back-China-must-step-up-on-climate-leadership\">bilateral relations<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">Meanwhile, at the UN energy forum in Vienna, India&#8217;s energy minister Piyush Goyal, reaffirmed his country&#8217;s engagement with Paris \u201cirrespective of what happens in the rest of the world\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>His speech has been widely praised. \u201cThis is proof of India\u2019s decisive leadership on climate change as they embrace the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/9770-Whose-power-plans-are-greener-China-or-India-\">clean energy revolution<\/a> to power their homes and create jobs,\u201d said Paula Caballero, from the World Resources Institute.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\"><strong>To stay or go<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>On May 9 the US government announced it would postpone a decision on the Paris Agreement until after the G7 summit in late May. Optimists considered this a good sign as it gives other G7 leaders the opportunity to personally lobby President Trump. Furthermore, Trump will meet the Pope on May 24, who has also come out strongly in favour of climate action.<\/p>\n<p>But even if the US stays in the Paris Agreement, it is still expected to weaken its domestic emission targets. Whether such action is permitted by the Agreement is still unclear.&nbsp;Much discussion has revolved around the meaning of article 4.11, which states that a country \u201cmay at any time adjust its existing nationally determined contribution with a view to enhancing its level of ambition\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">While the Moroccan foreign minister Salaheddine Mezouar said that commitments were \u201cirreversible,\u201d the EU Commission spokesperson, Yvon Slingenberg,was more circumspect:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We really have to see what it is the Trump administration will come forward with because it is important to keep in mind that parties can deliver on their pledges in different ways,\u201d she said..<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, for Laurence Tubiana, one of the architects of the Paris Agreement, the question is clear as she wrote in a tweet: \u201cOf course US government CAN legally downsize its contribution but SHOULD Not.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand Jonathan Church, a lawyer for the legal NGO ClientEarth, argued in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/guest-post-can-the-us-legally-weaken-its-paris-agreement-climate-pledge\">Carbon Brief<\/a><\/em> that this is an \u201cunduly permissive interpretation of Article 4(11),\u201d and weakening the targets would be a \u201cbreach of the Paris Agreement.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\"><strong>A distraction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bonn marks the halfway point between the climate conference in Paris and the conference next year where a \u201crule book\u201d will be adopted. The Paris Agreement needs such an operating manual because many details have not been decided. For instance, Article 13.13 requires countries to \u201cadopt common modalities, procedures and guidelines (\u2026) for the transparency of action and support\u201d. But the question of what countries report, when and how still remains unanswered.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">The goal of the current session is to establish the outline of a draft negotiating text.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Time and again the distinction between developed and developing countries \u2013 formally abolished in the Paris Agreement \u2013 has resurfaced. For example, shall there be one set of \u201cmodalities, procedures and guidelines\u201d or shall there be two sets: one for developed countries and one for developing ones?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But the most consequential issue in Bonn has been the form of the \u201cratchet mechanism\u201d. The climate plans that countries have submitted (known as Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs) would push global warming to 2.6-3.7C above pre-industrial levels, meaning countries will fall short of the goal of limiting warming to \u201cwell below 2C\u201d and \u201cto pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Countries are supposed to ratchet up their commitments and to submit increasingly ambitious NDCs. The ratchet process will be based on \u201cglobal stocktakes\u201d every five years at which countries will determine whether they are on track. But how the stocktakes will work is currently under negotiation. The first informal one, known as the \u201cFacilitative Dialogue\u201d, will take place in 2018 parallel to the adoption of the rule book and the publication of the IPCC special report on the 1.5C goal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Another issue is the UNFCCC budget for the years 2018 and 2019. The UNFCCC Secretariat has requested almost 59 million euros (US$65 million) for the two years \u2013 an increase of 9.7%. However the UNFCCC has been roundly criticised for proposing to eliminate its contribution to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a> (IPCC).<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-ad62e4b2-1be4-fecb-4000-0a170749878f\">However, the UNFCCC may have no choice in the matter as one of the declared aims of the Trump administration is to stop US government support for climate finance. Currently the US covers around a fifth of the UNFCCC budget. To save this membership fee though, the US would have to withdraw not only from the Paris Agreement but also from the UNFCCC. Thankfully, this is not under discussion quite yet.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While diplomats in Bonn work on the operating manual for the Paris Agreement, Washington ponders withdrawing from climate action<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2777,"featured_media":59511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[569],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-34800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-negotiations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bonn talks reveal uncertainty over Paris Agreement | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While diplomats in Bonn work on the operating manual 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