{"id":36720,"date":"2019-12-10T10:47:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T10:47:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-30T14:01:21","modified_gmt":"2020-06-30T14:01:21","slug":"11720-does-colombia-hold-the-answer-to-sustainable-palm-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/11720-does-colombia-hold-the-answer-to-sustainable-palm-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"Does Colombia hold the answer to sustainable palm oil?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Could the world have a large new\u00a0source of sustainable palm oil? Yes and no, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/5\/11\/eaaw4418\">study<\/a> that says planting the controversial crop on pasture land is the way to go.<\/p>\n<p>Many oil palm plantations are grown on land that previously held dense tropical forests. That\u2019s bad for limiting climate change, because it releases carbon stocks from the trees and soils. It also threatens orangutans and other forest species. As a result, palm oil \u2013 used in everything from food to fuels \u2013 has a bad environmental reputation.<\/p>\n<p>But not so in Colombia. Starting in the 1940s, the Latin American country has grown oil palm trees on grassland formerly used to raise cattle. And, perhaps not surprisingly, this reduces the palm oil\u2019s carbon footprint. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/1028110\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is former agricultural land that involves no direct deforestation,\u201d says Juan Carlos Quezada, an ecologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, who led the study. \u201cIt\u2019s an opportunity for the Colombian oil palm sector to differentiate itself from oil palm associated with deforestation. It\u2019s not fair to put all sources of oil palm into the same bucket.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Quezada\u2019s team looked at six plots of land where oil palms had grown for decades in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Llanos\">Los Llanos<\/a>\u00a0(which means \u201cthe plains\u201d in Spanish) \u2013 a huge\u00a0<a title=\"Tropical grassland\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tropical_grassland\">tropical grasslands<\/a>\u00a0stretching into Venezuela.\u00a0Palm oil trees typically live for 25-30 years before farmers replace them. After digging down 50cm,\u00a0the researchers analysed\u00a0the historical carbon content of the soil. They\u00a0found the first batch of trees to have\u00a0stripped large amounts of carbon (about 40%) from the soil. But this was then replenished as the dead trees\u2019 trunks, branches, leaves and roots decomposed, and\u00a0the carbon sunk back into the soil.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, the palm trees, with their bigger biomass, fixed five times more carbon than\u00a0the pasture land had. Together these factors meant that over the long term the carbon stored in the ecosystem was pretty much identical to\u00a0before any oil palm had been introduced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Top 10 palm oil producing countries, 2019 forecast (m = million tonnes)\u200b<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6287\/20191209_Palm_oil_world_map_2_v2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6287\/20191209_Palm_oil_world_map_2_v2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6290\/20191209_Palm_oil_world_map_1_v2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6290\/20191209_Palm_oil_world_map_1_v2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/><span class=\"caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu\/usda-esmis\/files\/tx31qh68h\/7d2797406\/cj82kp34g\/oilseeds.pdf\">USDA<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/agriculture\/?commodity=palm-oil\">Index Mundi<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The study, published in the journal Science Advances, argues: \u201cThe conversion of pastures to oil palm can be an opportunity to preserve and even increase carbon sequestration in the tropics and reduce the large carbon footprint of oil palm development on forested land.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study is the first to look at oil palm\u2019s impact over two plantation cycles, about 50 years, Quezada says. It confirms that Colombia\u2019s palm oil is much less environmentally damaging than that from plantations in Southeast Asia, he adds. On the Indonesian island of Sumatra, clearing rainforests to grow oil palms has been calculated to release 174 tonnes of carbon per hectare.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6292\/CD-palmoil-co2-en.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6292\/CD-palmoil-co2-en.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alexandre Buttler, another researcher at the Swiss Federal Institute who worked on the project, suggests the Colombian strategy could be copied elsewhere. The main palm-oil-producing countries have large abandoned pastures that could be converted, he says.<\/p>\n<p>But the situation is not as simple as it might sound, says Rory Padfield, an oil palm expert at the University of Leeds, UK: \u201cLooking at the political economy of palm oil, it just doesn\u2019t work like that. There is a whole series of other questions that need to be considered.\u201d One is land governance. The ownership of much land across the tropics is disputed. Even the so-called green Colombian plantations have been linked to the displacement of rural people by big agribusiness firms in the wake of the nation\u2019s decades-long conflict between guerrillas and the government.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6291\/QKobiDhs_meitu_2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/6291\/QKobiDhs_meitu_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><br \/><span class=\"caption\">Behind the pasture is an\u00a0oil palm plantation and then\u00a0the Andes (Image: Juan Carlos Quezada)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>There is plenty of degraded agricultural land in the world\u2019s biggest palm oil producer, Indonesia, Padfield says. But it\u2019s na\u00efve to expect that developers would turn down the opportunity to fell and sell trees, before then exploiting the freshly cleared land for oil palm. In Malaysia \u2013 the world\u2019s second-largest palm oil producer \u2013\u00a0there is little available pasture to use, he adds.<\/p>\n<p>As a global commodity, trade and production in palm oil is volatile and driven by more than environmental concerns. India recently started to import Malaysian product again, after a month-long boycott following comments made by the Malaysian prime minister about Kashmir. Indonesia has responded to efforts by the European Union to phase out palm oil in vehicle biodiesel with a plan to increase use in its own domestic transport fuel supplies. Meanwhile China has ramped up palm oil imports in recent months after banning supplies of soy from the United States.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">This article is part of our ongoing series on palm oil. <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/tag\/palm-oil\/\" target=\"_blank\">Explore the series to date here<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study shows that planting on former cattle pasture\u00a0reduces\u00a0controversial crop\u2019s carbon footprint, but the model may not be easy to replicate elsewhere<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000112,"featured_media":60663,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763],"tags":[531,50040317,576],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000025,50040717,50040718],"class_list":["post-36720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","tag-deforestation","tag-farming","tag-palm-oil","country-colombia","country-indonesia","country-malaysia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Does Colombia hold the answer to sustainable palm oil? 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