{"id":36817,"date":"2020-01-29T10:55:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T10:55:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-20T18:27:15","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T18:27:15","slug":"11817-2-2-marks-a-turning-point-for-nature-s-role-in-climate-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/11817-2-2-marks-a-turning-point-for-nature-s-role-in-climate-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 marks a turning point for nature\u2019s role in climate solutions\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions to protect and sustainably manage natural ecosystems. They are crucial for rising to numerous social and environmental challenges, especially the climate crisis.<\/p>\n

NBS can mitigate some 12 gigatonnes of CO2 per year, contributing\u00a0a third of what is needed by 2030 to keep global average temperature rise on course for less than 2C, according to the\u00a0UN\u2019s Global Compact<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This makes them essential to helping countries meet that Paris Agreement target, decarbonise their economies and build resilience in a climate-changed world.<\/p>\n

\u201cMany countries and regions are suffering from the impact of climate change and we need to take actions to enhance cooperation to encourage ambition and transparency,\u201d Ma Aimin, deputy director general of China\u2019s National Center for Climate Strategy and International Cooperation (NCSC), told the\u00a0UN\u2019s climate conference<\/a>\u00a0in Madrid in December.<\/p>\n

China is seeking to build support for NBS as it hosts\u00a0crunch talks<\/a>\u00a0to protect biodiversity, known as COP15, in Kunming later this year. The first draft of a new set of 20 conservation goals, to replace the unmet\u00a0Aichi targets<\/a>, was released on January 12 and notes: \u201cBiodiversity, and the benefits it provides, is fundamental to human well-being and a healthy planet.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nPlanted \u201cshelterbelt\u201d forest\u00a0in Gansu province, northwest China (Image: Alamy)<\/span><\/p>\n

NBS feature in a number of the proposed new\u00a0targets<\/a>.\u00a0As well as mitigating around 30% of the carbon emitted into the atmosphere, nature benefits people worldwide by improving nutrition, providing clean water, and contributing to greater resilience against natural disasters, the document says.<\/p>\n

The summit will look to agree a new set of conservation goals to replace the unmet\u00a0Aichi targets<\/a>. At the September 2019 Climate Action Summit in New York, China and New Zealand launched the \u201cNature-Based Coalition\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201c[China] has supported the [NBS] workstream with great success. I hope we can define new and more effective targets at COP15 in Kunming,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

NBS in China and worldwide<\/h2>\n

Governments, NGOs and civil society are working together to raise targets and commitments on climate but there is more to do, according to Ma.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe need to scale up the nationally determined contributions [countries\u2019 national climate plans] for mitigation, resilience and adaptation in key areas such as restoration of forests, agriculture, food security, and protection of biodiversity. We also need climate governance and to promote green finance incentives,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

One example of NBS in China is the conservation of\u00a0mangroves<\/a>, which capture carbon and protect coastlines from erosion and severe climate impacts. It is one of a number of\u00a0natural marine solutions<\/a>\u00a0to a heating planet.<\/p>\n

Most of China\u2019s mangroves cling to the coasts of southern Chinese provinces Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Mangrove restorations have been conducted \u201cspontaneously\u201d since the 1950s by local communities in south China, according to Chen Guangcheng from China\u2019s Ministry of Natural Resources. Since the first national mangrove reserve was created in Hainan in the 1980s, China now has 52 protected areas, covering 15,944 mangrove swamps.<\/p>\n

\"mangrove<\/a>
\nAt a nature reserve in Danzhou, Hainan\u00a0province, a forest ranger inspects mangroves \u2013 a nature-based solution\u00a0to the climate crisis (Image: Alamy)<\/span><\/p>\n

Wang Yi at the Chinese Academy of Sciences said a bottom-up approach is crucial in order to share and build best practices on nature-based solutions.<\/p>\n

Wang also advocates what he calls a \u201cgreener value chain\u201d, lessening the impacts of food and forest products, including their processing and transport footprints.<\/p>\n

Pulgar-Vidal said indigenous stewardship of natural resources is vital for the advancement of NBS. \u201cNow it is clear that protected areas are a key element, and the management [of] forests by indigenous people [is] showing just how strong it can be to bring climate solutions that are based on nature.\u201d<\/p>\n

The new draft targets for the protection of biodiversity recognise the importance of traditional knowledge and practice in managing ecosystems and in sharing the benefits of genetic resources.<\/p>\n

He\u00a0said he was sure China is prioritising NBS and would like to see related initiatives feature in the next\u00a0Five-Year Plan<\/a>\u00a0(2021-2025) for national development, as well as climate and biodiversity considerations in trade along the\u00a0Belt and Road Initiative<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t want to see China exporting obsolete technology, but clean, green technology,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\"mangrove<\/a>
\nChina\u2019s first mangrove nature reserve, the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, in Haikou, Hainan. (Image: Alamy)<\/span><\/p>\n

Protecting forests through sustainable trade<\/h2>\n

Chinese authorities and companies are also mindful of the need to improve sustainability when importing timber from tropical forests.<\/p>\n

Su Haiyin of China\u2019s National Forestry and Grassland Administration said the country can play \u201can active role in global forest governance and addressing illegal logging.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chinese companies are under pressure to \u201cadjust and restructure\u201d to a legal and sustainable timber trade with new requirements put forward by the government and\u00a0new demands<\/a>\u00a0from the public, he said.<\/p>\n

Andr\u00e9 Guimar\u00e3es, executive director of Brazil\u2019s Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), said his country has great potential for more environmentally friendly agriculture that protects the Amazon rainforest, home to 15% of the planet\u2019s biodiversity.<\/p>\n

\u201cBrazil plays an important role in global food, climate and water security. Our agriculture represents more than 20% of the country\u2019s GDP (mostly\u00a0cattle ranching<\/a>, soy and cereals). Brazil is the second-largest food exporter, feeding 1.2 billion people every day,\u201d Guimar\u00e3es said.<\/p>\n

Yet land use change and agribusiness are responsible for 70% of greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil, the world\u2019s seventh-largest emitter. On average, Brazil produces less than one head of cattle per hectare of pasture.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is extremely low, we have huge room for intensification of pastureland and the beef industry. The\u00a0forest code<\/a>\u00a0is not yet fully implemented and it is fundamental in our legislation to maintain forests on private land,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\"amazon<\/a>
\nCattle roam on deforested land (Image: F\u00e1bio Nascimento)<\/span><\/p>\n

Last year saw deforestation increase by\u00a029.5%<\/a>. More than 90% of Brazil\u2019s deforestation is illegal, according to the National Institute of Space Research (INPE).<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is a major challenge that we have to cope with in the upcoming years. In 2018, about 40% of deforestation occurred on public land and this is a crime,\u201d Guimar\u00e3es said. He pointed to a correlation between protecting tropical forests and increasing competitiveness in supplying\u00a0forest-friendly food<\/a>\u00a0to the world.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe do believe that dialogue is the way forward to promote the harmonisation of land use in Brazil. We believe it is possible to produce and export more and, at the same time, to conserve and protect natural resources, particularly tropical forests,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

As well as market signals, political will is necessary to improve conservation in trade, according to Pulgar-Vidal, who pointed to the benefits of China\u2019s recent\u00a0ivory ban<\/a>. \u201cThat is the kind of political signal we are seeking [in order] to be effective in the management of nature. Not only for climate purposes but also for nature itself.\u201d<\/p>\n

This article was first published on our sister site Dialogo Chino<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Global biodiversity talks in China this year will highlight nature-based solutions that could meet one-third of Paris Agreement climate goal by 2030.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":60719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,764],"tags":[511,513,569],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021,20000110],"class_list":["post-36817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-negotiations","country-brazil","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2020 marks a turning point for nature\u2019s role in climate solutions\u00a0 | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global biodiversity talks in China this year will highlight nature-based solutions that could meet one-third of Paris Agreement climate goal by 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