{"id":40077009,"date":"2015-10-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-19T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/3321-chinas-wetlands-threatens-rare-birds\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:00:27","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:30:27","slug":"3321-chinas-wetlands-threatens-rare-birds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/3321-chinas-wetlands-threatens-rare-birds\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapid decline of China\u2019s wetlands threatens mass extinction for rare birds"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>The destruction of China\u2019s wetlands, which are critical stopping points for birds migrating as far away as the Arctic or the South Pacific, threatens mass extinctions of species across East Asia, new research has found.<\/p>\n<p>Besides providing shelter and breeding grounds for birds and other wildlife, wetlands provide crucial supplies of fresh water and act as a barrier against storm surges and tidal flooding, events that are expected to become increasingly common because of climate change.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaaflyway.net\/paulson-institute-and-chinese-partners-publish-blueprint-of-coastal-wetland-conservation-and-management-in-china\/\">The Coastal Wetland Conservation Blueprint report<\/a>, a joint effort by the Paulson Institute, China\u2019s forestry ministry and the Chinese Academy of sciences, says shrinking habitats are forcing migratory birds into smaller areas.<\/p>\n<p>The report makes recommendations, based on survey outcomes, for 180 key reserves along the coast, including the 11 most important habitats for migratory birds, and calls upon the government to protect these immediately.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI can\u2019t say I feel confident, but the door to saving these wetlands is not yet closed and we have to seize this opportunity,\u201d said Spike Millington, chief executive of the East Asian \u2013 Australasian Flyway Partnership, which contributed to the report.<\/p>\n<p>The report calls for the creation of a \u2018wetlands law\u2019 that would make officials responsible for decisions on these types of area even after they have left their posts or retired. The report also proposes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0An expansion of <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/7793-protected-areas-save-oceans\/\">protected areas<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Increased public awareness to improve appreciation for wetlands among local authorities and the public<\/li>\n<li>Demonstration of international best practice regarding wetlands<\/li>\n<li>Better balance and integration of economic and environmental goals so that wetlands are protected<\/li>\n<li>Scientific research and international collaboration on coastal wetland conservation and restoration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These measures could help alleviate many of the factors that have contributed to the destruction of wetlands, such as disjointed and confusing management created by overlapping government ministries with conflicting priorities. More importantly, conservation of the wetlands has not been well integrated into economic development plans and performance evaluation of local government officials, the report added.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs a result, protection of important natural capital such as wetlands is often lost to short-term economic gains,\u201d the report said. It added that greater effort would enhance\u00a0moves by China\u2019s leadership to enshrine environmental protection in most areas of decision-making through its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/8229-OPINION-China-s-Ecological-Civilisation-sets-China-on-a-greener-course\">\u201cEcological Civilisation\u201d<\/a>\u00a0programme.<\/p>\n<p>Because so many of China\u2019s wetlands have been destroyed, there are long-term threats to species, such as the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2013\/10\/131003-rufa-red-knot-threatened-endangered-migrating-birds\/\">Red Knot<\/a>, which flies north over the Bohai Sea in spring.\u00a0Around 80% of the Red Knot\u2019s population stops at one site, the Luannan wetlands in Hebei, where it rests and feeds for a month.<\/p>\n<p>But only 12 kilometres of that wetland remains. It is under threat from further land reclamation, and the local government have yet to take tough measures that would give strong protection to what is left.\u00a0\u201cIn March this year Hebei agreed that this was an important wetland, but it hasn\u2019t yet been given any real protection,\u201d Professor Zhang Zhengwang of Beijing Normal University, told\u00a0<em>China Dialogue.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Around 60% of China\u2019s 18,000 kilometres of <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/7954-china-coastline-transition-aquaculture\/\">coastline has been altered<\/a> to reclaim land or build seawalls, with disastrous consequences for wildlife, biodiversity and conservation efforts, the report estimates.<\/p>\n<p>Half of the 10 most important wetlands on the Pacific-East Asia route are in China, with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2012\/jan\/31\/china-freshwater-lake-dries-up\">Poyang Lake<\/a>\u00a0in Jiangxi the most crucial. When setting off south in autumn some birds fly direct to Australia or New Zealand, but on the arduous return trip north the vast majority will feed and rest in China\u2019s wetlands. If these habitats are destroyed, they cannot feed properly and will be unable to continue.<\/p>\n<h2>Threats to migratory birds<\/h2>\n<p>Every year, 50 million birds of 492 different species migrate along this path, with 246 species stopping in China.\u00a0Lei Guangchun, head of the Nature Reserve College at Beijing Forestry University, said that populations of over half those species are falling, and at least 27 of those are endangered \u2013 representing almost half of all the world\u2019s endangered aquatic birds\u00a0classified as being under threat.<\/p>\n<p>Since the 1950s, China\u2019s coast has lost over half of its temperate wetlands, almost three quarters of its mangrove forests and around 80% of its coral reefs \u2013 all habitats important for migratory birds. China\u2019s environmentally-damaging plans to reclaim land continue unabated, however. With 246,900 hectares of land planned to be taken back from the sea by 2020, China\u2019s aim of maintaining 800 million <em>mu<\/em> (53.6 million hectares)<em><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/em>of wetlands won\u2019t be met.<\/p>\n<h2>Weak laws<\/h2>\n<p>The loss of wetlands has accelerated as China\u2019s economy has grown. Between 2003 and 2013 wetlands shrank 23%, a trend exacerbated by weak government oversight. According to the report, 69 out of 140 wetlands on the migratory route are unprotected.<\/p>\n<p>Protection in developed areas, such as Tianjin, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong, is particularly low \u2013 partly due to demand for new land and inadequate polices.<\/p>\n<p>But Lei Guangchun said that setting up reserves is not enough to prevent environmental degradation. He told\u00a0<i>China Dialogue <\/i>that \u201cthe past century have seen tens of thousands of reserves set up. But biodiversity is still falling. What we need to do is coordinate development of humankind and society.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Loss of coastal wetlands during China\u2019s prolonged boom has contributed to a collapse in numbers of migratory birds in East Asia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":40064692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523,608],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-40077009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-wetlands","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rapid decline of China\u2019s wetlands threatens mass extinction for rare birds | 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