{"id":40077028,"date":"2018-08-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-16T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/4155-developing-nations-ipcc-oceans-report\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:00:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:30:36","slug":"4155-developing-nations-ipcc-oceans-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/4155-developing-nations-ipcc-oceans-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Poorer countries need bigger say in IPCC ocean report"},"content":{"rendered":"

The ocean covers 70% of the world\u2019s surface, while the cryosphere \u2013 including Antarctica and the Greenland ice cap \u2013 makes up 11% of the world\u2019s landmass. Combined they create the planet’s largest\u00a0carbon sink, absorbing over 90% of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels.<\/p>\n

But carbon emissions are triggering changes to marine environments \u2013 coral bleaching, ice melt, sea level rise, and disruption to marine habitats, to name a few. The cryosphere \u2013 those parts of the earth\u2019s surface where water is frozen \u2013 is changing, too. Permafrost is thawing and glaciers melting, potentially leading to irreversible \u201ctipping points\u201d.<\/p>\n

There are many knowledge gaps to fill, and little time to do so. For example, how fast is the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (home to the largest store of frozen water beyond the Poles)\u00a0disappearing<\/a>? And what are the implications for sea level rise, and shifts to ocean currents and weather systems?<\/p>\n

There are also very real social and economic implications from these changes. For example, on August 10, meltwater from the Kyagar glacial lake in China\u2019s Xinjiang province flooded downstream rivers.<\/p>\n

Kang Shichang, head of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, says that climate warming will worsen glacier melting and shrinkage, making glacial lake collapses more frequent.<\/p>\n

Reviewing the science<\/h2>\n

To help us understand where the science is on these important questions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a body under the auspices of the United Nations tasked with providing an objective view of climate change science to governments and policymakers, will release its\u00a0Special Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere (SROCC)<\/em><\/a>\u00a0in September 2019.<\/p>\n

Between July 23-28, over 100 lead authors of the report from 35 nations met in the Chinese city of Lanzhou in Gansu province, north-west China. After sifting through 12,000 comments, the meeting will result in a second draft of the SROCC in the coming months. There will be one more meeting to finalise the report in March next year.<\/p>\n

The timing of the report in 2019 will be critical. Within a year of its release, countries will be asked to\u00a0submit updated emissions reduction targets<\/a>\u00a0under the terms of the Paris Agreement (the first since the agreement was made in 2015).<\/p>\n

What\u2019s different about this report?<\/h2>\n

The IPCC is divided into three working groups. The first looks at the physical science basis for climate change. The second looks at the human impacts, adaptation and vulnerability to climate change. The third considers how to respond to changes in the climate.<\/p>\n

Zhai Panmao, joint chair of the IPCC\u2019s 1st<\/sup>\u00a0working group, told China Dialogue <\/i>that although earlier reports have covered the ocean and cryosphere, the content was scattered across different chapters of assessment and lacked cohesion.<\/p>\n

Valerie Masson-Delmotte, joint chair of the IPCC\u2019s 1st<\/sup>\u00a0working group, hinted that the findings would expand on the topic of ocean acidification and include for the first time a synthesis report on the risk of\u00a0marine heatwaves<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The new report will also consider the social and economic impacts of changes to the ocean and cryosphere<\/a>. Hans-Otto P\u00f6rtner, joint chair of the 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0working group, said that rapid ocean acidification at low latitudes is expected to reduce ocean biodiversity and damage the livelihoods of coastal fishermen, while industrialised deep-ocean fishing would be less affected.<\/p>\n

Public debate around global warming tends to focus on rising temperatures on land. But a warmer ocean will also affect currents and weather patterns, with changes on land, too. There are different risks for different regions, but vulnerable populations will be affected the most.<\/p>\n

\"Example
Source: Gattuso J.-P., et al. 2015. Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Developing country voices<\/h2>\n

The IPCC is paying more attention to the overall effects of climate change on climate-vulnerable regions and populations. It is working closely with developing nations that will be adversely impacted by climate change.<\/p>\n

In October 2013 the IPCC decided it needed to \u201cincrease the number of IPCC activities in developing countries\u201d.<\/p>\n

All four of the SROCC meetings have so far been held in developing nations but despite these efforts there is still an imbalance in representation between developed and developing nations. For example, the IPCC solicits reviews through an open online process \u2013 anyone with the right qualifications can apply. But Zhai Panmao pointed out that most of the authors and reviewers for the SROCC report are still from Europe or the US, with notably fewer participants from developing nations.<\/p>\n

\u201cEither because of the relative impact of climate change on these nations, or because of larger population numbers, we need to see more participation from developing nations,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

In October this year registration for a second round of public review will start. To address the lack of developing country representation, Zhai is calling for scientists from developing nations to sign up. He also wants to see the IPCC issue invitations targeted at nations or regions that participate less so their views can be reflected.<\/p>\n

To ensure a more representative and equitable approach is adopted, let\u2019s hope developing nation experts seize the opportunity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Climate scientists call for wider representation at international meeting in Lanzhou<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":40066696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[50040720,580],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-40077028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-geopolitics","tag-policy","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPoorer countries need bigger say in IPCC ocean report | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Climate scientists call for wider representation among developing nations at international meeting of IPCC authors in Lanzhou\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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