{"id":40077161,"date":"2020-05-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/13685-covid-19-could-throw-seabed-mining-negotiations-off-track\/"},"modified":"2025-03-26T12:44:53","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T12:44:53","slug":"13685-covid-19-could-throw-seabed-mining-negotiations-off-track","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/13685-covid-19-could-throw-seabed-mining-negotiations-off-track\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 throws seabed mining negotiations off track"},"content":{"rendered":"

It was meant to be a pivotal year for deep-seabed mining. But the coronavirus pandemic is threatening to upend the drafting of regulations on the nascent industry.<\/p>\n

The International Seabed Authority<\/a> (ISA), an autonomous United Nations organisation that governs seabed mining, had set 2020 as the deadline<\/a> to adopt a \u201cmining code\u201d. Those regulations would permit extraction of cobalt, nickel and other minerals in the deep ocean beyond national jurisdiction. Delegates had been expecting to make substantial progress on the mining code at the ISA\u2019s annual meeting in July, as well as to vote on the re-election of the secretary-general, Michael Lodge, for another four-year term.<\/p>\n

To add to the uncertainty, mining company DeepGreen<\/a> is considering invoking a never-used rule that would compel the ISA to allow mining to proceed within two years under whatever regulations are in place at that time.<\/p>\n

Earlier this month, the ISA was still planning for the July meeting at its headquarters in Kingston, Jamaica, despite international travel bans and the cancellation of\u00a0every other major UN conference<\/a>. \u201cOur important work is continuing largely uninterrupted,\u201d an ISA spokesperson said at the time.<\/p>\n

But on 19 May, the ISA announced it was postponing its meeting until October<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe secretariat \u2026 will continue to work closely with the government of Jamaica to ensure that the work of ISA can proceed as efficiently as possible,\u201d said Lodge in a statement.<\/p>\n

The postponement will likely intensify disputes among the ISA\u2019s 168 member states, mining contractors and conservationists over how to proceed with writing regulations, particularly environmental protections.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is crucial to ensure that the current crisis is not used as an excuse to \u2018fast-track\u2019 any decision-making by curtailing the prevailing norms of due process, inclusivity and good governance,\u201d says Duncan Currie, an international lawyer and member of the\u00a0Deep Sea Conservation Coalition<\/a>, which holds observer status at the ISA.<\/p>\n

The ISA has issued 30 contracts to state-backed companies, multinational corporations and start-ups to explore more than 1.3 million square kilometres of the seabed. China\u00a0holds five contracts<\/a>, more than any other country, that give it the right to explore and potentially exploit 238,000 square kilometres (almost the size of New Zealand).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Deep-sea minerals: what could be mined and where<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(Source: Miller et al<\/a>, 2018. Graphic: Ed Harrison<\/a> \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u201cWe want the mining code finalised,\u201d says Gerard Barron, chief executive of DeepGreen, a Canadian-registered company that holds three contracts to prospect the Pacific Ocean seabed for polymetallic nodules. \u201cWe as a contractor hope to be in operation in 2023 and we\u2019re going out on a limb because of the extensive work and money we\u2019re investing now. Investors want to see certainty.\u201d<\/p>\n

That has led DeepGreen to consider triggering the so-called two-year rule, or what some observers have dubbed the \u201cnuclear option.\u201d<\/p>\n

Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/a>, the sponsoring state of a mining contractor can notify the ISA Council that a contractor intends to apply for approval of a plan to begin mining. The Council then has two years to finalise mining regulations. If it doesn\u2019t, the Council must \u201cprovisionally approve such plan of work\u201d under whatever regulations are in place at the time.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s something that\u2019s consistently under review \u2013 it\u2019s not off the table, that\u2019s for sure,\u201d says Barron of triggering the two-year rule. He stressed that doing so would depend on gaining the support of a majority of the Council, the 36-member policymaking body within the ISA that is drafting the mining code.<\/p>\n

DeepGreen holds exploration contracts sponsored by three small South Pacific islands \u2013 Nauru, Kiribati and Tonga \u2013 and one of those nations would have to officially invoke the two-year provision.<\/p>\n

A dangerous step<\/h2>\n

Conservationists fear catastrophic environmental consequences.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf the two-year provision is invoked, and DeepGreen\u2019s application is approved based on the current draft regulations, the impacts for deep sea biodiversity and ecosystems would be huge,\u201d says Kristina Gjerde, a close observer of the ISA who serves as senior high seas advisor at the International Union for Conservation of Nature. \u201cWe need a far better understanding of the deep ocean environment and the impacts of deep-seabed mining on ocean life and ocean systems before commercial-scale mining should be approved.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Bioluminescing<\/a>
Bioluminescing coral and perhaps a sponge, North Atlantic (Image: NOAA<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Currie says such a move would \u201cshatter the reputation of the ISA itself. It is hard to believe that DeepGreen, or any sponsoring state, would be so irresponsible.\u201d<\/p>\n

This week, a new report<\/a> from a coalition of non-profit organisations warned that mining for nodules in the Pacific would cause irreversible damage to the marine environment.<\/p>\n

The pandemic is also slowing scientific research into little-explored deep sea ecosystems. The ISA needs that data to draft environmental regulations that fulfil its dual if contradictory mandate to facilitate mining and protect deep sea ecosystems. (An investigation<\/a> last year by National Geographic magazine found that mining companies have so far failed to collect sufficient biological data to assess the environmental impact of mining.)<\/p>\n

Stay-at-home orders have kept marine scientists like Dr Diva Amon locked out of their labs. Amon, a deep-sea biologist at the Natural History Museum in London, has been identifying new species<\/a> discovered in areas targeted for seabed mining. She can do some but not all of that work from home using images taken by remotely operated vehicles.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m working on two species descriptions from mining contract areas, which have been held up as we are unable to get into the labs to do the genetic analyses,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

Shut-down orders and travel bans are also keeping scientists off research expeditions to the deep ocean, which have been delayed due to the pandemic, and away from now-cancelled conferences where they would share their discoveries.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
(Graphic: Ed Harrison<\/a> \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u201cWe were about to embark on a very large environmental ocean research campaign,\u201d says Barron, noting the expedition will likely be delayed for at least several months.<\/p>\n

What happens next?<\/h2>\n

In an ISA meeting in February delegates expressed opposition to video conferencing.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe negotiations should be postponed until a time when all interested parties feel it is safe and appropriate to meet together,\u201d says Matthew Gianni, a co-founder of the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition.<\/p>\n

Barron, on the other hand, says the ISA should take advantage of the pandemic to develop more innovative ways of meeting its obligations. \u201cI could see how you could make more progress by being forced to work remotely,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Amon takes a more philosophical view of the postponement of numerous high-level ocean conferences due to the pandemic. \u201cWhile I worry about the ocean sphere losing momentum,\u201d she says, \u201cperhaps this period will afford us some time to reflect on the path forward.\u201d<\/p>\n

Editor’s note: This article was updated on 22 May after the ISA meeting was officially postponed.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The delay in talks has one company considering invoking a rule to compel approval of mining plans<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000115,"featured_media":40067579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[511,20000838,40027800],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50011630],"class_list":["post-40077161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-biodiversity","tag-covid-19","tag-deep-sea-mining","country-china","country-jamaica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCovid-19 throws seabed mining negotiations off track | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With Covid-19 threatening negotiations, one company considers invoking a rule to compel approval of its deep sea mining plans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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