{"id":40077216,"date":"2021-04-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/16944-ocean-china-14th-five-year-plan\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:02:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:32:13","slug":"16944-ocean-china-14th-five-year-plan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/16944-ocean-china-14th-five-year-plan\/","title":{"rendered":"The ocean in China\u2019s 14th Five Year Plan"},"content":{"rendered":"

In mid-March, Beijing was enveloped in heavy smog for most of this year\u2019s crucial Two Sessions meetings of China\u2019s top legislators, during which the 14th Five Year Plan for economic and social development was approved. With this being the first FYP published since China committed to carbon neutrality, its\u00a0climate and energy targets<\/a> received the lion\u2019s share of international attention. But the ocean also has far-reaching implications for international relations and governing the global commons. And the chapter on it in this year\u2019s FYP contains language suggesting the extension of China\u2019s environmental ideas overseas.<\/p>\n

\n

Editor\u2019s note<\/p>\n

\n This is an edited excerpt from a broader analysis<\/a> by Jiang Yifan on what China's 14th Five Year Plan means for the environment.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

\u201cHarmony between humanity and the ocean, win-win cooperation, and pushing forward with conservation of ocean ecologies,\u201d were mentioned in the chapter introduction. This contrasts with the 13th FYP, where the language focused on developing the ocean economy and ocean resources. One notable change in this year\u2019s document is the call for \u201csustainable distant-water fishing\u201d (DWF) \u2013 the word \u201csustainable\u201d was missing five years ago.<\/p>\n

The development of DWF was first mentioned in the 12th<\/sup> FYP, published in 2011, and the country\u2019s capacity has increased rapidly ever since, now far outstripping<\/a>\u00a0all other countries. China\u2019s DWF fleet\u00a0operates<\/a>\u00a0in the waters of 40 countries and regions, and on the high seas of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, as well as in Antarctic waters.<\/p>\n

Illegal, unreported and unregulated<\/a> (IUU) fishing by Chinese vessels has become a matter of international concern<\/a>. Last year, China announced its\u00a0first self-imposed moratorium<\/a> on some high seas fishing, but how it will make this sector \u201csustainable\u201d next is anyone\u2019s guess. A 14th FYP document specific to the fishing industry, currently being drafted, is expected to provide more answers.<\/p>\n

\"Transshipment<\/a>
Transshipment: frozen tuna are passed from one boat to another in the middle of the Atlantic (Image \u00a9 Tommy Trenchard \/ Greenpeace)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

When it comes to international relations, there has been a shift from \u201cprotecting [China\u2019s] ocean rights\u201d in the 13th FYP to a more active \u201cin-depth participation in global ocean governance\u201d, promoting the establishment of a \u201cfair and reasonable international ocean regime\u201d and the development of \u201cblue partnerships\u201d and an \u201cocean community with a shared future for mankind.\u201d According to Liu Nengye, director of the Centre for Environmental Law at Macquarie University, \u201cChina used to focus on cooperation with littoral [coastal] states, but as its capabilities in ocean industries such as ship-making and distant-water fishing have expanded, it has acquired the ability and experience to participate in the setting of international rules. The change in language could be seen as an intensification of the \u2018marine world power\u2019 strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n

On polar governance, the 14th FYP Outline also proposes an \u201cIce Silk Road\u201d shipping route in the Arctic, alongside increasing capacities to participate in governance and utilisation of the Antarctic. In 2017, China hosted Antarctic Treaty talks for the first time<\/a>, and in 2018 published a white paper on the Arctic<\/a>, which Liu regards as landmark for China\u2019s involvement in polar governance. He says that while there are international calls for protection of the poles, and in particular the Antarctic<\/a>, China stresses a balance between protection and utilisation, and he sees the language in the 14th<\/sup>\u00a0FYP Outline as a steady continuation of China\u2019s polar policy.<\/p>\n

When it comes to governance of the ocean environment, the Outline calls for more cooperation with other coastal states on monitoring, protection and research, and better study and assessment of strategic deep-sea resources and biodiversity.<\/p>\n

China has acquired the ability and experience to participate in the setting of international rules.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Meanwhile, at home, China will bolster controls of land-source ocean pollution, with river basins, river mouths and coastal waters to come under unified management with a so-called \u201cland\u2013sea coordination\u201d approach, and the scope of caps on land-source pollutants to be expanded to ensure river water quality. Ultimately, this work needs to be reflected in improvements to coastal environments and ecologies, and in five years the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will assess progress as part of a national \u201cBeautiful Bays\u201d campaign. This will look at water quality, as well as the recovery of marine life and habitats and the protection and restoration of natural coastlines.<\/p>\n

According<\/a>\u00a0to the ministry, the Beautiful Bays campaign will feature as a target in the special 14th<\/sup>\u00a0FYP for ocean environmental protection \u2013\u00a0the first such document to be drafted \u2013 with all 1,467 of China\u2019s ocean bays to be certified by 2035. Improving the environment in Chinese waters is also of benefit to the global ocean.<\/p>\n

Expert analysis <\/a>says compared to the 13th<\/sup> FYP, the new plan signals a shift from focusing on domestic marine governance to constructing an \u201cocean community with a shared future for mankind\u201d. In the coming five years, the progress of this shift will be closely watched from across the world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The FYP has a standalone section on the ocean that for the first time includes the word sustainable in relation to distant-water fishing, and suggests China\u2019s environmental ideas will be extended overseas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":40071720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[545,40027778,580],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-40077216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-fisheries","tag-marine-protection","tag-policy","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe ocean in China\u2019s 14th Five Year Plan | China Dialogue Ocean<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The FYP has a standalone section on the ocean that for the first time includes the word 'sustainable' in relation to distant-water fishing\" \/>\n<meta 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