{"id":40090184,"date":"2021-06-04T12:22:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-04T06:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/17423-chile-wants-to-protect-part-of-the-high-seas-ahead-of-global-treaty\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:02:19","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:32:19","slug":"17423-chile-wants-to-protect-part-of-the-high-seas-ahead-of-global-treaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17423-chile-wants-to-protect-part-of-the-high-seas-ahead-of-global-treaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Chile wants to protect part of high seas ahead of global treaty"},"content":{"rendered":"

With more than 41%<\/a> of its waters already covered by marine protected areas (MPAs), Chile has proposed creating a high seas MPA on the Salas and Gomez and Nazca ridges \u2013 two underwater mountain chains that stretch 2,900 kilometres across the south-eastern Pacific and host some of the ocean\u2019s greatest biodiversity.<\/p>\n

The idea was introduced by President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era at the virtual climate summit<\/a> held by US President Joe Biden in April. Pi\u00f1era said \u201cit\u2019s not enough\u201d to protect only national waters (known as Exclusive Economic Zones), especially considering the global call to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"chile<\/div>\n

Less than 1%<\/a> of the high seas are currently protected by MPAs, most of it within the nearly 2 million square kilometres Ross Sea area in the Antarctic. Countries want to move much faster by creating a global treaty for the high seas, currently being negotiated under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Waldemar Coutts, director of Environment and Oceans at Chile\u2019s Foreign Ministry, said: \u201cWhile the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization will be engaged in the process, the new UN high seas treaty, currently under negotiation, is meant to [include an] international body which will oversee the long-term management of the MPA.\u201d<\/p>\n

Alex Mu\u00f1oz, head of National Geographic Pristine Seas for Latin America, questioned the unilateral nature of the announcement, with Chile not including neighbouring countries such as Peru and Ecuador. Setting up the MPA will now require \u201cintense diplomatic work\u201d between all the countries in the region, he added.<\/p>\n

The importance of the area<\/h2>\n

Ocean experts grouped under the Coral Reefs of the High Seas Coalition<\/a> have long been advocating for an MPA on the Salas and Gomez and Nazca ridges. Isolated by the Humboldt Current and the Atacama Trench, the area<\/a> has more than 110 seamounts with unique ecosystems. Nearly half the species found there live nowhere else.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"The
The Pukao seamount on the Salas and Gomez ridge. This submarine volcano rises over 2,500 metres from the ocean floor to within a few hundred meters of the sea surface. (Image \u00a9 Matthias Gorny\/ Oceana)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s an oasis in the middle of the Pacific. And there\u2019s still so much to discover. Every time we go there we find so many new things,\u201d said Carlos Gaymer Garcia, a marine conservation expert from Chile and part of the coalition. \u201cWe need to protect the area. There\u2019s a lot of fishing around it and there\u2019s an interest over future mining exploitation<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

The area has been identified as a prime candidate for conservation by numerous international organisations. In research last year<\/a>, Pew highlighted 10 sites around the world that would help safeguard biodiversity beyond national waters \u2013 with the Salas and Gomez and the Nazca ridges being one of them.<\/p>\n

Liz Karan, head of the High Seas project at Pew, said the ridges also offer refuge to migratory species like leatherback sea turtles and blue whales, which go to the area to breed. \u201cIt\u2019s not the mountains itself but how important they are to the endemic species living there,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
Galapagos sharks swimming near the Salas and Gomez ridge. Their fins have a high commercial value in Asian countries. Due to intense fishing, the species has been classified as \u201cnear threatened\u201d by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. (Image \u00a9 Enric Sala\/NGS)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

If created, the area would connect with existing MPAs on Chile\u2019s EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) to the east (Nazca-Desventuradas) and to the west (Rapa Nui). While it wouldn\u2019t be able to tackle the impacts from climate change, it would support ecological resilience and address the direct impacts of human activities on marine biodiversity.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s the kind of bold proposal that the oceans desperately need as they confront the pressure of climate change,\u201d said Lisa Speer, director of the International Oceans program at the Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC). \u201cIncluding oceans at a high-level climate summit showed real leadership by Chile.\u201d<\/p>\n

A high seas treaty<\/h2>\n

Globally, a group of international bodies and treaties<\/a> manage ocean resources and human activity in areas beyond any state\u2019s EEZ. These high seas areas often overlap, but virtually no mechanisms exist to coordinate across geographic areas and sectors. This has made creating high seas MPAs a legal and logistical challenge.<\/p>\n

Formal negotiations started in 2018<\/a> to develop a treaty for the \u201cconservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction\u201d. Also known as the high seas treaty, it should establish a global framework to conserve and manage the biodiversity of the high seas, which constitutes almost two-thirds of the global ocean.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Munida
A new species of the crustacean Munida<\/em>, found at 200 meters below the sea surface in the Nazca-Desventuradas marine park. (Image \u00a9Javier Sellanes\/ UCN, ESMOI)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Negotiations have been delayed due to the pandemic. A meeting was first scheduled for March 2020, then postponed until September and once again delayed until August this year. Decisions are now expected to be made next month on whether organisers push the meeting back again or maintain it, and whether it will be an in-person or online affair.<\/p>\n

\u201cI feel confident that we have made progress and that the pause imposed by Covid has been useful to have informal conversations. Still, a lot of issues remain that won\u2019t get solved until people can get together in formal negotiations,\u201d Speer said. \u201cWith his announcement, Pi\u00f1era is trying to keep the issue on the radar internationally.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ocean experts have raised the alarm in recent years over the many challenges faced by the world\u2019s oceans, from climate change<\/a> to plastic pollution<\/a>. They are hopeful for an agreement for the high seas this year or next and for ambitious ocean protection goals to be included as part of a new biodiversity framework set to be discussed this year at COP15.<\/p>\n

In a recent study<\/a>, a team of researchers identified marine areas that, if protected, would safeguard over 80% of the habitats for endangered marine species, and increase fishing catches by more than eight million metric tons.<\/p>\n

Recent efforts have raised optimism. The Blue Nature Alliance announced last month its plan to protect 18 million square kilometres of ocean globally over the next five years. Last year<\/a>, 14 nations who together oversee 30% of the ocean\u2019s EEZs committed to managing their waters 100% sustainably by 2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era has proposed creating a marine protected area in the Eastern Pacific, an area of vital importance for biodiversity<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":40089459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[511,523,40027778],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000024],"class_list":["post-40090184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-marine-protection","country-chile"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChile wants to protect part of high seas ahead of global treaty | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era has proposed creating a marine protected area in the Eastern Pacific, an area of vital importance for biodiversity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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