{"id":40090191,"date":"2021-07-07T15:34:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-07T10:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:02:23","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:32:23","slug":"17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life"},"content":{"rendered":"

What\u2019s the value of a fish? You might think about its market price or, given its role as a primary source of protein for three billion people<\/a>, its contribution to food security. You\u2019re much less likely to think about how it mitigates climate change.<\/p>\n

Last year, a study<\/a> published in Science Advances calculated that since 1950, commercial fisheries of large species, such as tuna and billfish, have released an estimated 730 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Some of those emissions came from fishing vessels burning fuel, but a large share was released by the bodies of the fish extracted from the sea. If they had instead been left to follow their natural course, they would have locked that carbon into the ocean.<\/p>\n

Fisheries are on the frontline of warming oceans that threaten the abundance and diversity of marine life. But the Science Advances study is part of a growing body of research looking at the other side of the equation: the potential of marine animals to capture carbon and keep it in the ocean<\/a>. And it\u2019s not just big fish that matter: increasingly, research also points to the importance of large schools of smaller fish in locking carbon away in the deep sea. As the evidence for this grows, researchers and policymakers are beginning to ask, how do we support the power of fish to fight climate change?<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is one of the ways to capture carbon \u2013 a new way we didn’t know about, but about which the science is revealing more and more,\u201d says Rashid Sumaila, director of the Fisheries Economics Research Unit at the University of British Columbia\u2019s Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"ocean
The flow of carbon in ocean creatures starts with the food web. As phytoplankton grow on the surface, they capture CO2 through photosynthesis and convert it into organic carbon. This carbon is passed on and accumulates in the bodies of zooplankton such as krill when they eat the phytoplankton, and then again in the bodies of fish and other animals that eat the zooplankton. When these animals defecate, this carbon-infused organic matter either falls to the seabed, where it gets trapped in the sediment, or is consumed by bacteria and other microbes. (Graphic: James Round<\/a> \/ China Dialogue Ocean)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Like all living things, fish accumulate carbon as they grow. \u201cA fish, whether it is little or big, contains between 10% and 15% carbon,\u201d says Ga\u00ebl Mariani, a PhD student from the University of Montpellier, France, and lead author of the Science Advances study. When fish defecate, and when they die, the carbon contained in that organic matter is consumed by predators, scavengers and microbes in a cycle that locks carbon into the food chain. A small percentage of the carbon-infused organic material also reaches the seabed as particulate matter, where it gets trapped in sediment.<\/p>\n

But the largest share of sequestered carbon is likely to occur through respiration, by which CO2 is dissolved into the ocean. If respiration occurs below a depth of about 800 metres, the CO2 may remain trapped there, explains Grace Saba, assistant professor at the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University. \u201cAll sources of carbon \u2013 either particulate, dissolved or respired \u2013 can be sequestered for long periods of time, as long as they reach depths deep enough not to be impacted by large-scale seasonal… ocean mixing events,\u201d says Saba, who investigates oceanic carbon flows. Particulate matter like faeces or flesh that ends up on the seabed \u201ccan be sequestered on the scale of millions of years\u201d, she says.<\/p>\n

A bigger fish carries more carbon in its body. That\u2019s why these species have so far been the focus for researchers like Mariani, whose study considered the lost sequestration potential caused by fishing for shark, tuna, mackerel, billfish and other big species.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"whales
The larger the ocean animal, the more carbon in its body. When these animals die, their bodies are consumed by scavengers, keeping the carbon in the food web. Some of the carbon is also sequestered in seabed sediment. (Graphic: James Round<\/a> \/ China Dialogue Ocean)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Researchers have estimated the carbon contributions of whales, the largest ocean inhabitants of all. When whales die their bodies hold an estimated 33 tonnes of CO2, which is then taken up by scavenging sea creatures or sequestered in the deep sea, compared to the roughly 22kg a tree sequesters each year, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But even big fish and whales can\u2019t eclipse the value of schools of small fish to global carbon cycles: research<\/a> published in Nature Communications showed that tiny crustaceans called krill are main players in a \u201cbiological pump\u201d that shifts carbon from the surface to the deep sea, and ultimately sequesters up to 12 billion metric tonnes of carbon a year. Krill contribute to this system by consuming vast amounts of phytoplankton, which capture carbon via photosynthesis at the ocean\u2019s surface. They then sequester the consumed carbon by respiring it at depth, and through their faeces which sinks to the bottom of the ocean. Their central importance to this carbon cycling process raises concerns about intensive commercial krill fisheries<\/a> in the Southern Ocean.<\/p>\n

Overall, Saba\u2019s recent research<\/a>, published in the journal Limnology and Oceanography, estimates that fish contribute about 16% of the carbon that ultimately sinks into the ocean\u2019s deeper layers. If fish are such a prominent carbon sink, a natural store lowering the concentration of CO2, isn\u2019t protecting them important to efforts against climate change?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"diagram
When ocean creatures respire, the flow of carbon continues as they emit CO2. In shallow water, this CO2 can escape back into the atmosphere, but at lower depths, it can be trapped, sometimes for long periods of time. Many marine animals, including krill and mesopelagic fish, travel between surface waters, where they feed, and deeper layers of the ocean, where they rest and avoid predators. This creates a quite literal \u201ccarbon sink\u201d, as they respire in the deep water and trap the carbon down there. (Graphic: James Round<\/a> \/ China Dialogue Ocean)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

That question was among many explored at a symposium in March<\/a> run by non-governmental organisation Our Fish, which brought together fisheries and climate change researchers, activists and European politicians. Part of the event explored whether research findings could feed into fisheries policies that more proactively protect fish in order to help tackle climate change.<\/p>\n

Several aspects of current fisheries management were flagged for intervention. For instance, researchers presented a study<\/a> published in Nature, which showed that bottom-trawling releases as much carbon from the seabed as the entire aviation industry. This could be another reason to get behind marine protected areas (MPAs), which currently cover only 2.7% of the ocean floor, the researchers say. MPAs could also increase fish populations that will go on to sequester more carbon \u2013 and by building up fish stocks, they could simultaneously boost fishery yields and food security.<\/p>\n

Other research (currently under review) revealed that the north-east Atlantic Ocean is one of the world\u2019s largest carbon sinks, yet simultaneously has the highest fishing intensity<\/a> on the planet \u2013 underscoring the need to tackle overfishing in European seas.<\/p>\n

Researchers also flagged the potential of fishing subsidies to threaten the carbon-sequestering capacity of fish. Mariani\u2019s research reveals that 43.5% of the \u201cblue carbon\u201d \u2013 stored in marine ecosystems \u2013 which was extracted by fisheries between 1950 and the present day came from areas of the ocean that would have been unprofitable to fish without subsidies. Removing the subsidies could protect these resources without impacting food security. \u201cIf we try to relocate these subsidies into something more sustainable, it would both limit overfishing, promote stock recovery, and maybe promote carbon sequestration by fish,\u201d Mariani suggests.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"A
A trawler in Egypt, used to catch small fish species. Research shows that bottom trawling releases as much carbon from the seabed as the entire aviation industry. (Image: Colin Munro \/ Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

These were just a few areas where there was a clear potential for policy to leverage the blue carbon capacity of fish. \u201cOne of the things we hope to do is to bring another ecosystem service to the table, so that when we make decisions \u2013 whether that\u2019s government, individuals, NGOs or industry \u2013 we know that fish are not there only to be eaten,\u201d says Sumaila, who helped bring together several researchers to present at the conference. Yet, the message from the politicians in attendance was clear: to drive policy changes and\u00a0civil society action, there needs to be more\u00a0research\u00a0into\u00a0the contribution that fish make\u00a0to marine carbon sinks.\u00a0\u201cIt\u2019s always easier to convince stakeholders when you have an evidence base,\u201d said Virginijus Sinkevi\u010dius, Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans & Fisheries at the European Commission, who spoke at the symposium.<\/p>\n

The complexity of carbon cycles already presents a considerable research challenge. In fluctuating ocean environments, weather extremes, temperature, depth and habitat can all affect how carbon cycles work in the deep sea. \u201cThis is new science. It\u2019s not like trees and forests. People have been looking at those forever, and so they\u2019ve come into the mainstream. But this research has yet to be mainstreamed,\u201d Sumaila says.<\/p>\n

Also vital will be determining exactly how much carbon different species sequester in the sea, and that means looking beyond just the big fish. \u201cIn my opinion, what would be most useful right now to policymakers would be to obtain a biomass-specific carbon flux estimate for different types of fish \u2014 small pelagics [living in the upper layers of the open ocean], large pelagics [such as tuna], migrating mesopelagics [living at depths of 200\u20131,000 metres],\u201d says Saba. Understanding the blue carbon potential of all fish species is a research focus of Mariani too. \u201cThe next step is to estimate how much carbon is sequestered each year by all the species of fish in the ocean, based on different climate scenarios and different fishing intensity scenarios,\u201d he says of his upcoming research.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"group
To fully understand how ocean carbon cycles work, researchers say it is vital to determine how much carbon different species sequester beneath the waves. (Image: Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

In the next few months, a group of about 25 researchers will be contributing to a body of papers on this general theme, which is being spearheaded by Sumaila and will be fully published later this year<\/a>. The eventual goal is to build up enough research to give fish conservation a foothold in climate policy, Sumaila explains.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s difficult to tally up the true value of a fish \u2013 but the accumulated research suggests there\u2019s one benefit of their existence that we\u2019ve been overlooking for too long: instead of simply being the victims of climate change, fish could be powerful forces against it. \u201cWe need to harness all the ways we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. And here, the science is telling us that fish bodies sequester a big portion of the CO2 we have in the atmosphere. We need to bring that to the table, with all our other efforts to take down climate change,\u201d Sumaila says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Krill, fish and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3707,"featured_media":40089547,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,50039901],"tags":[12580,513,50040318],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-40090191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-ocean","tag-carbon-dioxide-removal","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-fish"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Can fish fight climate change? Krill, fish, and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Krill, fish and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1334\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emma Bryce\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emma Bryce\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8b23f477013a0c85e4969409f9fa4ec5\"},\"headline\":\"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\"},\"wordCount\":1898,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Carbon dioxide removal\",\"Carbon emissions\",\"Fish\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate\",\"Ocean\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\",\"name\":\"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Can fish fight climate change? Krill, fish, and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1334},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8b23f477013a0c85e4969409f9fa4ec5\",\"name\":\"Emma Bryce\",\"description\":\"Emma Bryce is a freelance journalist who covers stories focused on the environment, conservation and climate change. You can tweet her at @EmmaSAanne and read more at www.emmabryce.com.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/emma-bryce\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/emma-bryce\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life | Dialogue Earth","description":"Can fish fight climate change? Krill, fish, and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life","og_description":"Krill, fish and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_published_time":"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":1334,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Emma Bryce","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/"},"author":{"name":"Emma Bryce","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8b23f477013a0c85e4969409f9fa4ec5"},"headline":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life","datePublished":"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/"},"wordCount":1898,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg","keywords":["Carbon dioxide removal","Carbon emissions","Fish"],"articleSection":["Climate","Ocean"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/","name":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life | Dialogue Earth","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-07T10:04:48+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-10T17:32:23+00:00","description":"Can fish fight climate change? Krill, fish, and whales capture carbon and lock it into the ocean, a raft of new research shows","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cold-fish-global-cooling-ocean-life-scaled-2.jpg","width":2000,"height":1334},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/17840-cold-fish-the-global-cooling-effect-of-ocean-life\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cold fish: the global cooling effect of ocean life"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/8b23f477013a0c85e4969409f9fa4ec5","name":"Emma Bryce","description":"Emma Bryce is a freelance journalist who covers stories focused on the environment, conservation and climate change. You can tweet her at @EmmaSAanne and read more at www.emmabryce.com.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/emma-bryce\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/emma-bryce\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40090191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3707"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40090191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40090191\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40089547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40090191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40090191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40090191"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=40090191"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=40090191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}