{"id":40090196,"date":"2021-07-27T10:10:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T04:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/uncategorized\/18033-wto-inches-closer-to-agreement-on-harmful-fishing-subsidies\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:02:24","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:32:24","slug":"18033-wto-inches-closer-to-agreement-on-harmful-fishing-subsidies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/18033-wto-inches-closer-to-agreement-on-harmful-fishing-subsidies\/","title":{"rendered":"WTO inches closer to agreement on harmful fishing subsidies"},"content":{"rendered":"

After more than 20 years of negotiations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has moved a step closer to an agreement on ending harmful fishing subsidies. The deal would set new rules for the global fishing industry and limit government funding that contributes to unsustainable fishing and the depletion of global fish stocks.<\/p>\n

In a meeting with government ministers and heads of national delegations, WTO members vowed to finish the negotiations before the WTO\u2019s Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12<\/a>) in late November, and to empower their delegations in Geneva to do so. Members also said the negotiating text currently on the table can be used as the basis to strike a final agreement.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s been a successful day,\u201d WTO chief Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala told reporters at the close of the meeting. \u201cIn 20 years of negotiations, this is the closest we have ever come towards reaching an outcome \u2013 a high-quality outcome that would contribute to building a sustainable blue economy. I feel new hope.\u201d<\/p>\n

If we continue [negotiating] for another 20 years, there won\u2019t be any fish left<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The talks\u2019 chair, Santiago Wills, was also upbeat: \u201cI believe that the answers today have given us the ingredients to reach a successful conclusion. Members now want to move to text-based negotiations. Twenty years has been long enough. If we continue [negotiating] for another 20 years, there won\u2019t be any fish left.\u201d<\/p>\n

Negotiators at the WTO had been tasked with eliminating subsidies for illegal, unreported and unregulated<\/a> (IUU) fishing and prohibiting certain subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing. Talks have been going on since 2001 but differences between governments have hindered progress.<\/p>\n

2020 had been set as a deadline<\/a> to strike an agreement, but talks were delayed due to Covid-19 restrictions and the US presidential elections. A deadline was then set for this July, which was again missed. Now, Okonjo-Iweala, appointed as head of the WTO in March, aims to reach an agreement by year-end in what will be a key test for the organisation\u2019s credibility, with members deadlocked on other fronts.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn international negotiations of this type only two things are relevant. The nitty-gritty to make sure everybody is on the same page, and the spirit that prevails. If Ngozi and Wills reflected correctly what happened in the meeting, we can say there\u2019s cautious optimism over an agreement,\u201d Remi Parmentier, director of environmental consultancy The Varda Group, told China Dialogue Ocean.<\/p>\n

A potential agreement<\/h2>\n

At the meeting, ministers discussed an eight-page draft agreement<\/a>, which lists a range of subsidy bans and some conditions for exemptions for poorer countries, all of which are yet to be finalised. While some delegations like the EU were positive, several ministers expressed reservations over the content of the text.<\/p>\n

\u201cClearly, it will lead to capacity constraints for developing countries, while advanced nations will continue to grant subsidies,\u201d Indian trade minister Piyush Goyal said at the meeting, regarding one part of the text. Pakistan described the draft as \u201cregressive and unbalanced,\u201d while the African coalition said \u201csignificant gaps\u201d remain.
\n

<\/p>\n
\"fishing
Women unloading the catch in Tanji, a fishing village in Gambia, West Africa (Image: Steve Lindridge \/ Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div><\/p>\n

Countries\u2019 differences were acknowledged by Ngozi and Wills at the meeting. Nevertheless, they remain optimistic and said the issues would be resolved once countries move into text-based negotiations. The agreement on fishing subsidies will require a consensus among all member states, according to WTO rules.<\/p>\n

The draft deal essentially proposes three categories of prohibited subsidies; those that support IUU fishing, affect overfished stocks, or lead to overcapacity and overfishing. While this may sound simple, the political, economic and cultural complexities represent real challenges.<\/p>\n

One of the main issues has been the demand for developing countries and the poorest nations to receive so-called special and differential treatment. While this is widely accepted for the poorest countries, demands from self-identified developing countries to be exempt from subsidy constraints has proven to be difficult to accept.<\/p>\n

Many of the major fishing nations are considered developing countries by the WTO, including China, which has one of the world\u2019s biggest fishing fleets. China\u2019s minister of commerce, Wang Wentao, expressed China\u2019s \u201csupport for the conclusion of [fishing subsidies] negotiations before the end of MC12.\u201d Speaking at the meeting<\/a> on 15 July, Wang stressed that concluding the negotiations would represent a major contribution from the WTO to the United Nations\u2019 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. \u201cAs a developing country and a major fishing power, China will take on obligations commensurate with our level of development\u201d.<\/p>\n

At the meeting, Wang also introduced China\u2019s emphasis on green development in future policies on fishing subsidies and its \u201czero-tolerance\u201d policy towards IUU.<\/p>\n

Isabel Jarrett, manager of The Pew Charitable Trusts\u2019 project to end harmful fisheries subsidies, told China Dialogue Ocean that an agreement \u201cwith too many loopholes\u201d would undermine the WTO\u2019s sustainability goals. The final text has to ensure that governments aren\u2019t allowed to subsidise \u201cirresponsible practices that can hurt fish populations,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n

The scale of the problem<\/h2>\n

Subsidies paid to the global fishing industry amount to around US$35 billion per year (228 billion yuan). Of this, $20 billion is given in forms that enhance the capacity of large fishing fleets, such as fuel subsidies and tax exemption programmes, according to the European Parliament\u2019s Committee on Fisheries.<\/a><\/p>\n

In 2018, the world\u2019s top 10 providers of harmful fisheries subsidies gave out $15.4 billion in total, according to a report by Oceana<\/a>. The EU, as a bloc, provided $2 billion, ranking third behind China and Japan.<\/p>\n

Research by Pew<\/a> has found that eliminating all harmful subsidies could help fish populations recover. Specifically, it would result in an increase of 12.5% in global fish biomass by 2050, which translates into nearly 35 million metric tonnes of fish \u2013\u00a0almost three times Africa\u2019s entire fish consumption in a single year.<\/p>\n

The need for progress on an agreement has gained new urgency during the last few years, as the world\u2019s fish populations have continued to fall below sustainable levels. Around 60% of assessed stocks are fully exploited and 30% are overexploited, according to the latest figures<\/a> from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.<\/p>\n

The termination of harmful subsidies, which is embedded in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs<\/a>), would be seen as key progress on ocean sustainability ahead of this year\u2019s UN biodiversity conference in Kunming, scheduled for October, and the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow in November.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the year that the agreement has to be delivered. The WTO chief has made positive pronouncements of an agreement this year. There\u2019s light at the end of this 20-year tunnel. The alternative of being in the tunnel shadows is a depressing prospect at the time ocean life is declining,\u201d Peter Thomson,\u202fUN special envoy for the ocean, said in a recent webinar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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