{"id":40091666,"date":"2022-04-26T11:29:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T10:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=91666"},"modified":"2022-07-20T10:49:38","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T09:49:38","slug":"blue-carbon-offsets-taking-root","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/blue-carbon-offsets-taking-root\/","title":{"rendered":"Blue carbon offsets taking root"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cWhere there\u2019s muck there\u2019s brass\u201d, goes an old saying from northern England. Brass is slang for money, and those with a lot of it are today eyeing up with great interest a particular type of muck. Muddy, smelly, shoe-sucking sediment full of what\u2019s known as blue carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latest buzzword in climate finance, blue carbon<\/a> is the carbon stored in the ocean, particularly coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove swamps, salt marshes and seagrass meadows. It takes the form of organic matter, mainly decaying plant leaves, wood, roots and dead animals, captured under sediment and stored sometimes for thousands of years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just like with forests and tree-planting on land, markets are developing for the protection and restoration of these carbon-heavy environments as a way to mitigate climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swamps haven\u2019t been sexy for a long time<\/blockquote>Sebastian Thomas<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere\u2019s so much appetite for blue carbon projects,\u201d says Peter Macreadie, an environmental scientist at Deakin University, Australia. \u201cMassive corporates and nations have woven blue carbon into their abatement plans and portfolios.\u201d Apple<\/a> and Gucci<\/a> are among the high-profile brands to have invested in blue carbon schemes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s a remarkable turnaround. For decades, environmental campaigners have tried and largely failed to secure protection for these coastal ecosystems. As well as reducing the force of onshore storms, they boost biodiversity and provide food and livelihoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSwamps haven\u2019t been sexy for a long time,\u201d says Sebastian Thomas, who works on sustainability at Curtin University in Australia. \u201cBut in the last 10 or 15 years, communities of scientists, of NGOs, of activists, have been really pushing and saying, \u2018Look, this stuff matters.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Counting blue carbon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Late last year, an international team of scientists produced the first estimates<\/a> of just how much it matters. They calculated that the three key marine habitats \u2013 seagrass, mangrove and marsh \u2013 may together store more than 30 gigatonnes of\u2009carbon. That\u2019s about three times<\/a> the amount emitted in China each year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div>
Graphic: Ed Harrison<\/a>\/China Dialogue Ocean<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Adding to that capacity by restoring degraded and lost blue carbon ecosystems could soak up an extra 0.8 gigatonnes of carbon each year by 2030, the researchers estimated \u2013 or roughly 3% of global emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What can be measured can be managed, and blue carbon is steadily being drawn into carbon accounting schemes. Some countries have begun including it in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, which quantify efforts to reduce emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not obligatory [for countries to account for blue carbon], but the guidance is there for them to do it. And the USA and Australia are already doing it,\u201d says Hilary Kennedy, a marine biogeochemist at Bangor University in the UK. Kenya<\/a> is another country accounting<\/a> for blue carbon in its NDC inventory.

Under guidelines<\/a> co-published by several organisations working on blue carbon, including the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and UNESCO, countries are allowed to report reductions in their carbon emissions if they work to restore blue carbon systems. \u201cIn the UK, we\u2019ve drained some of our marshes. So, we could allow the tide to flow back in again and that would be restoration,\u201d Kennedy adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Offsets taking off<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Projects to protect and restore blue carbon ecosystems are also some of the hottest carbon offsets right now. In such schemes, companies and individuals who want to compensate for their carbon pollution can pay someone else to either not emit an equivalent amount, or to make some change that will absorb that amount from the atmosphere in future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In theory, the sale of blue carbon offset credits could channel much-needed funds into projects across the world that seek to restore coastal ecosystems, both preventing carbon being released into the atmosphere and soaking up further carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, huge stretches of former shrimp-farming sites in Indonesia now lie derelict. They could be converted back to productive mangrove swamps, but it\u2019s no quick fix. \u201cYou have to be pretty ballsy to get the early projects up and running. You might be spending a few million dollars, and then you\u2019re sitting there waiting over many years to see the carbon accumulate,\u201d Macreadie says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Aerial<\/div>
Shrimp farms in Indonesia. Cultivating the crustacean has destroyed swathes of mangrove across the world. Some blue carbon offset projects are now trying to turn abandoned shrimp farms back to mangrove. (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A few blue carbon projects are already up and running. One<\/a> on Colombia\u2019s Caribbean coast, set up with the help of Conservation International and Apple Inc, to conserve and sustainably manage a coastal mangrove ecosystem, issued its first carbon credits last year. But global demand for blue carbon credits massively outstrips supply, Macreadie points out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like all offsets, blue carbon credit schemes are criticised<\/a> for being greenwash. \u201cYou shouldn\u2019t let anybody convince you or say that this is the silver bullet to solve climate change, because it\u2019s not. The opportunity is actually quite limited,\u201d says Cath Lovelock, an expert on the ecology of coastal plant communities at the University of Queensland, Australia. \u201cAnd it might allow polluters to keep polluting. It\u2019s like: \u2018Watch my beautiful blue carbon project over here, while I\u2019m not doing anything about my emissions over there.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Despite such concerns, moves are being made to expand the scope of blue carbon projects, and so increase the flow of finance and carbon credits, such as by selling credits for farmed seaweed. The concept has also been taking off in China, whose long coastline is home to a diverse range of blue carbon ecosystems \u2013 degraded in recent decades, but now targets for restoration<\/a>. \u201cThe Chinese want to call everything blue carbon,\u201d Thomas says. \u201cThey want to do algae and all kinds of stuff.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the first day of this year, China completed its first carbon sink fishery<\/a> trade, in Lianjiang, Fujian province. The 15,000-tonne saltwater \u201caquaculture carbon credit\u201d was verified by the Ministry of Natural Resources. The type of aquaculture involved wasn\u2019t revealed but seaweed and shellfish farming account for 90% of Lianjiang\u2019s aquaculture output. As yet, China has no verification standards<\/a> for carbon capture and storage during the farming of seaweed or shellfish, which themselves involve carbon emissions and ultimately harvesting and consumption. Currently, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) only recognises mangrove swamps, seagrass meadows and salt marshes as coastal carbon stores suitable for management and trading.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries and businesses are starting to weave carbon credits from coastal and marine ecosystem restoration into their climate plans<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":40091669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[40027745,608],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-40091666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-blue-economy","tag-wetlands"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBlue carbon offsets taking root | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Countries and businesses are starting to weave carbon credits from coastal and marine ecosystem restoration into their climate plans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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