{"id":40092490,"date":"2022-10-31T17:06:18","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T17:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=92490"},"modified":"2022-11-29T15:37:36","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T15:37:36","slug":"in-latin-america-resistance-to-deep-sea-mining-is-growing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/in-latin-america-resistance-to-deep-sea-mining-is-growing\/","title":{"rendered":"In Latin America, resistance to deep-sea mining is growing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Almost a year ago, Sandor Mulsow told<\/a> China Dialogue Ocean that the body charged with both protecting the international seabed and developing rules to govern its exploitation, the International Seabed Authority (ISA), is in fact promoting mining. Mulsow is a former head of environment and minerals at ISA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The allegation of lack of neutrality raised by Mulsow was not discussed at the most recent ISA assembly on 1\u20134 August this year, according to attendees interviewed by China Dialogue Ocean. Yet we are just nine months away from seabed mining potentially beginning under whatever regulations exist in July 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is because, in July 2021, the Republic of Nauru triggered an arcane rule<\/a> that could obligate the ISA to allow exploitation within two years. One of the last official forums to debate all this before the deadline will be the final ISA session of the year<\/a>, running from 31 October to 11 November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The richest submarine area for these minerals is the Clarion-Clipperton zone<\/a>, which spans 4.5 million square kilometres in the Pacific Ocean, between Mexico and Hawaii. Exploitation would begin here. Its proximity is of great concern not only to Mexico, but the whole continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have sought the views of several Latin American experts. They all agree that there is very little scientific evidence about what we have (and stand to lose) on the seabed, and that the ISA is being permissive regarding the commencement of mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main arguments given in favour of deep-sea mining is the need for minerals to accelerate the crucial transition to renewable energy. However, the interviewees point out that if mining is not well regulated, it would harm the heritage of humanity and future of the planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mexico: \u2018We are very concerned\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2016, a concession was awarded for the Don Diego mining project<\/a> in Mexico, located off Baja California. The project aimed to extract 350 million tonnes of phosphate from the seabed over 50 years but it had no environmental impact study or prior consultation with local people. In the face of \u201cstrong opposition from fishing cooperatives, academic sectors and civil organisations\u201d, the project was cancelled, explains Violeta Nu\u00f1ez Rodr\u00edguez, a professor and researcher at Mexico\u2019s Metropolitan Autonomous University, who has studied and published on sea mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAfter what happened with Don Diego, we are very concerned about the impacts that could be generated by the beginnings of seabed mining, especially in the Clarion-Clipperton area, which is very close to our coasts. In the event of any impact, Mexico would be the first country to be affected,\u201d she said. \u201cThere has been no in-depth debate on the issue in Mexico.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As always, the most vulnerable will be the ones most affected<\/blockquote>Violeta Nu\u00f1ez Rodr\u00edguez, Metropolitan Autonomous University<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ignacio March Mifsut, director of evaluation and follow-up of Mexico\u2019s National Commission of Natural Protected Areas, said<\/a> at a forum in Mexico City in early October, that mining in the Clarion-Clipperton zone \u201cis going to affect the entire Pacific of Mexico and also Central America\u201d, but that to understand exactly how<\/em> requires more research. March Mifsut says it is necessary \u201cto monitor ecosystems, physical and chemical oceanographic processes,\u201d before, during and after any mining activities. \u201cWe know that [Clarion-Clipperton] mining is here, and unfortunately we had to have it 30 kilometres away.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu\u00f1ez adds that it seems the ISA \u201cdoesn\u2019t see the danger that exploitation and alteration of the different ecosystems could mean. If we already have a brutal problem in terms of climate change, I don\u2019t want to imagine what it will be like when we start exploiting the seabed. It is a very complex situation to start activities without proper studies and clear regulations. And as always, the most vulnerable [people and other animal species] will be the ones most affected.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chile: \u2018The ISA is dragging its feet\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe main problem with sea mining is that they are accelerating the start of it without scientific knowledge,\u201d Diego Lillo Goffreri, a lawyer with AIDA\u2019s Ecosystems Programme<\/a> and part of the NGO team present at the August ISA assembly, told China Dialogue Ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lillo Goffreri says the idea that deep-sea mineral deposits are needed to help build the technology that will transition the world towards renewables \u201cis not agreed upon by the international community\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cExploring the [Clarion-Clipperton] area would mean disturbances that we have no idea about. Species perhaps not known to science could be seriously affected.\u201d There has not much progress made in deep-sea research in recent times, he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWho will control international waters, who will regulate, how will the benefits that supposedly belong to all humanity be shared? There is no clear legislation. Before it promotes deep-sea mining, the ISA needs a modern legal vision that adapts to environmental challenges, that helps protect the planet\u201d continues Lillo Goffreri. \u201cThe feeling we have is that the ISA is dragging its feet, rather than taking firmer decisions. Action must be taken before July next year.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Costa Rica: \u2018Lack of knowledge\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Costa Rica\u2019s ambassador to Jamaica and representative at the ISA assemblies, Gina Guill\u00e9n, is one of the most active people at the meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She told China Dialogue Ocean: \u201cThis is an issue that concerns all of humanity, but only 40 countries attend the meetings. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s indifference. I think it\u2019s more a lack of knowledge. For a long time, here in Jamaica [at ISA headquarters] things have gone by without a word being said and there hasn\u2019t been much participation from the countries.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She believes that as long as the decision-making process is not clear \u201cno decisions should be made.\u201d It is not possible to finish drafting regulations by July 2023, she says, adding that we should wait until we have enough scientific evidence before proceeding to mine. \u201cWe have to realise that we are putting the fate of the planet at stake.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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While experts such as Sandor Mulsow believe the ISA is pro mining rather than pro protection, Guill\u00e9n is more cautious in her appraisal: \u201cThe Secretariat has to be neutral. That is its role. It has to be mindful of the importance of effective protection of the marine environment.\u201d But she says \u201cISA needs to work more on transparency. Their processes are not transparent, they don\u2019t have clear and uniform procedures. They need to improve on that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another situation that worries Guill\u00e9n is that according to the ISA\u2019s agenda for the ongoing 31 October to 11 November meeting, \u201conly two hours of the last day is allocated to discuss deep-sea mining and the beginning of activities. It has been relegated to something minor. The future of the planet is an add on. Half of the oxygen we breathe comes from the ocean and we don\u2019t seem to understand that\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development<\/a>, Guill\u00e9n is calling for \u201cinvestment in research, concentrating on the Clarion-Clipperton zone, where all the current interest is, so that we can make more informed decisions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peru: \u2018More consultation need\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI was at the mid-year meeting of the ISA, representing young people, and the feeling is that the ISA aims to eventually approve deep sea mining regulation, said Daniel C\u00e1ceres, representative of the Sustainable Ocean Alliance in Latin America. \u201cThere needs to be a global consultation of young people\u201d to make these decisions, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to these demands, the marine biologist \u2013 who is part of a campaign<\/a> to collect signatures against sea mining \u2013 believes there should also be an ecological and economic analysis of the damage that could be caused, considering the human populations that depend on the sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juan Carlos Rivero, biologist and scientific director of the NGO Oceana Peru, adds that \u201cnature and evidence show us that accidents always happen. That is why there is a need for well-regulated control in the exploitation zones. Down there, where nobody can see, they can do anything.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the late 1980s, two German scientists trialled mining<\/a> in a manganese-rich area 4,000 kilometres off the coast of Peru. They raked about 20 square kilometres, causing a sediment plume that wiped out animals including sponges, soft corals and sea anemones. Twenty-five years later, when the last assessment was undertaken, these animals had barely recovered<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rivero believes mining is bound to start at some point. \u201cWe have to be really prepared for it, not like we are at the moment,\u201d he says. \u201cWe have to be clear that in such fragile ecosystems, any slightest alteration can have an incalculable cascade effect\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experts from the region are calling on the International Seabed Authority to be more transparent and allow more time for research<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":40092491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[40027800,40027778],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000024,50000023,50002597,50041240,50002601],"class_list":["post-40092490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-deep-sea-mining","tag-marine-protection","country-chile","country-costa-rica","country-mexico","country-nauru","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn Latin America, resistance to deep-sea mining is growing | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Experts from the region are calling on the International Seabed Authority to be more transparent and allow more time for 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\u0091The Deep Sea Says No\u0092 Why the deep sea? The deep seabed is largely unexplored, many areas have unique marine life (an estimated 10-million life forms and most are undiscovered) and many areas are important to the survival of all ocean life. Deep Sea Mining in areas like the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) (Pacific Ocean) will destroy the deep seabed and the life that depends on it, destroying corals and sponges that have taken thousa"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/in-latin-america-resistance-to-deep-sea-mining-is-growing\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"In Latin America, resistance to deep-sea mining is growing"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/0c346145d8caa19f208165af1cb3210b","name":"Lushan Huang","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/huanglushan\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/jacklolau\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40092490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1072"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40092490"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40092490\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40092491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40092490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40092490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40092490"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=40092490"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=40092490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}