{"id":40092634,"date":"2022-12-01T16:09:33","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T16:09:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=92634"},"modified":"2023-01-12T16:47:18","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T16:47:18","slug":"blue-peril-reveals-deep-sea-mining-impact-pacific-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/blue-peril-reveals-deep-sea-mining-impact-pacific-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Blue Peril\u2019 reveals how deep-sea mining would impact Pacific Islands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">A new film has revealed the scale and nature of the impacts that deep-sea mining would have on life in the Pacific Island region, from direct damage to seafloor ecosystems, to tailings waste and sediment plumes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the interests of transparency, I was involved in writing part of the film\u2019s script.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blue Peril was made in response to the rush by governments and companies to begin mining the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), an area of the Pacific spanning 4.5 million square kilometres between Hawaii and Mexico \u2013 equivalent to the size of the European Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The documentary makers say it provides the first independent visual investigation of the tailings waste and sediment plumes that mining operations would create, and of how they will affect marine life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The modelling uses data from scientific literature and international oceanographic <a href=\"https:\/\/dsm-campaign.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Blue-Peril-Technical-Paper.pdf\">models<\/a> to predict how far tailings and pollution would spread. It presents the findings in tandem with a view from the Pacific islander communities that stand to be most affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/776999013?h=bfc8ccff07&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/api\/player.js\"><\/script>\n<div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Blue Peril is a joint project of the Deep Sea Mining Campaign, INTERPRET, Ozeanien Dialog and supported by MiningWatch Canada. See the full version here: <a href=\"https:\/\/blueperil.org\">blueperil.org<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is the first modelling of the impacts in the CCZ conducted independently of the deep-sea mining industry and the International Seabed Authority, which promotes it,\u201d said Dr Helen Rosenbaum, coordinator of the Deep Sea Mining Campaign (DSMC).<br><br>DSMC produced the film along with INTERPRT, a Norwegian environmental research agency, and Ozeanien Dialog, a German church-based NGO focussed on Oceania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The seabed in the CCZ is rich in polymetallic nodules \u2013 small rocks containing minerals including copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mining proponents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/deep-sea-mining-about-to-take-off\">argue<\/a> that these metals are required to manufacture batteries for electric vehicles and in the power arrays that distribute renewable energy. This argument is <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanfdn.org\/deep-seabed-minerals-green-transition-part-1\/\">countered<\/a> by rapidly evolving battery technology and the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/conservation\/9453-urban-mining-deep-seabed-exploitation\/\">possibilities of the circular economy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Metals Company (TMC), a Canadian mining firm, is pushing for mining to begin in 2024 in its Nauru-sponsored licence area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mining regulations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Seabed Authority (ISA) met in November at its headquarters in Jamaica to continue negotiations on creating the rules that would govern eventual mining operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, contractors are only authorised to \u201cexplore\u201d large areas of the seabed, with 17 such licences issued. However, \u201cexploitation\u201d for precious metals could begin in as little as nine months. This deadline was imposed by the triggering in July 2021 of an arcane rule by Nauru, which holds a contract with TMC, obliging the ISA to consider an application for a mining licence within two years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"40092323\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Concerns were raised at the ISA\u2019s November meeting about the authority\u2019s approval of a \u201ctrial run\u201d by TMC, which was effectively a full mining operation in the CCZ, albeit small scale. ISA member countries and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.savethehighseas.org\/isa-tracker\/\">observers<\/a> called out the lack of transparency and due process, and again questioned the ISA\u2019s suitability as a regulatory body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authority is made up of 167 member states and the European Union. It is entrusted with organising, regulating and overseeing all mineral-related operations in the international seabed area for the benefit of all people. However, the body has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/29\/world\/deep-sea-mining.html\">accused<\/a> of lacking accountability, transparency and inclusivity. At an earlier meeting in August, civil society organisations were reported to have been shut out of some of the sessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHow can a few minorities decide what\u2019s good for the whole of humanity when the majority are locked outside the door? We need space for dialogue and to be heard,\u201d said Tita Kara from the Civil Society Forum of Tonga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modelling the impacts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Blue Peril reveals that during the potential 30-year licensing period that could be granted to TMC, its operations could directly damage an area of seabed the size of Hawaii. Mining machines taller than a two-storey house would also churn up plumes of sediment as they scrape their way over the sea floor. These plumes, which may carry toxic heavy metals, would spread and smother marine life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nabil Ahmed, a professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and founder of INTERPRT, explains how Blue Peril\u2019s predictions were made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe created a 3D model using spatial imagery programs and incorporated estimates of mining rates from the scientific literature to predict and visualise how much of the seabed would be destroyed. The spread of the plumes that would be generated on the seafloor, and by the mining waste planned to be discharged 24\/7, was predicted using oceanographic methodology.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/20221201_Blue-Peril-deepsea-mining-equipment_DeepSeaMiningCampaign.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/20221201_Blue-Peril-deepsea-mining-equipment_DeepSeaMiningCampaign-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/20221201_Blue-Peril-deepsea-mining-equipment_DeepSeaMiningCampaign-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/20221201_Blue-Peril-deepsea-mining-equipment_DeepSeaMiningCampaign.jpg 1920w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1920px\" alt=\"Computer generated image of a deep-sea mining machine, modelled on a real-life vehicle\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Blue Peril used publicly available engineering estimates to model full-scale nodule collectors (pictured right), which would be much larger than industry prototypes (pictured left) (Image: Deep Sea Mining Campaign)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/20221201_Blue-Peril-deepsea-mining-equipment_DeepSeaMiningCampaign.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"313 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1080\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1920\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPerhaps the most disturbing prediction made by Blue Peril is that it would take only three months for pollution discharged by The Metals Company in its licence area sponsored by the government of Tonga to reach the waters of Kiribati and Hawaii,\u201d said Rosenbaum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also predicted is that in just 30 days, the dust storm created by TMC mining nodules in its Nauru (NORI D) licence area could travel as far as 200 kilometres, potentially endangering <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0967063721000698\">thousands<\/a> of marine species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNo research has been conducted yet on the toxicity resulting from mining nodules in the Pacific, but Portuguese scientists have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2022.915650\/full\">shown<\/a> that low concentrations of metals in the waste from the mining of hydrothermal vents quickly kills deep sea corals in the Azores,\u201d said Rosenbaum. \u201cThis work illustrates the vital importance of researching the toxicology of plumes as well as the distance they can travel. Deep-sea mining should not be permitted in the Pacific without this full understanding.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pacific-communities\">Pacific communities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pacific island communities are on the frontline of any impacts from deep-sea mining, both environmentally and socioeconomically. The governments of Palau, Fiji, Samoa, and Micronesia have been leading calls for a mining moratorium, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-11-07\/more-governments-are-turning-against-the-rush-to-mine-the-deep-sea\">most recently got support<\/a> from New Zealand, Germany and France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe general view from the civil society space in Tonga is to have a complete ban [on deep sea mining] because over 80% of our communities are coastal communities,\u201d added Kara. \u201cThe ocean is part of our livelihood. We depend on fisheries products such as tuna which we send to other countries. Unfortunately, the government is not listening. The wider impact of deep-sea mining in the Pacific is going to be catastrophic because our ocean bonds us and binds us.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar concerns have been raised by Fiafia Rex, the founder of Oma Tafua, an NGO on the island of Niue, who has spent much of her time working on protecting marine life around Niue and the Pacific. \u201cDeep-sea mining may affect tuna, which is a shared economic resource among many Pacific island countries. Once that\u2019s gone, our livelihoods are gone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/777001405?h=bfc8ccff07&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/api\/player.js\"><\/script>\n<div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Blue Peril is a joint project of the Deep Sea Mining Campaign, INTERPRET, Ozeanien Dialog and supported by MiningWatch Canada. See the full version here: <a href=\"https:\/\/blueperil.org\">blueperil.org<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Maureen Penjueli, the coordinator of the Pacific Network on Globalization, said that Tonga and Papua New Guinea had both reported that the ocean was dusty during 2012 mining exploration operations. \u201cCommunities found it extremely difficult to catch fish because there were so many exploration vessels in operation. [They] had to go out further into the ocean. In Papua New Guinea, deep-sea creatures were frequently found washed ashore. In addition, locals there experienced an interference of the traditional \u2018shark calling\u2019,\u201d she said, referring to a ritual of catching shark to share among the village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rex says that at the grassroots level there is still much to learn about deep-sea mining for many Pacific islanders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIn Niue, I can confidently say that 90% of the people don\u2019t know about deep-sea mining or the fact that it will be going on in their backyard. There\u2019s a huge problem with transparency of information around deep-sea mining in the Pacific.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">In Niue, 90% of the people don\u2019t know about deep-sea mining or the fact that it will be going on in their backyard<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Fiafia Rex, founder of NGO Oma Tafua<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosenbaum believes that this is where the new film has a critical part to play. \u201cBlue Peril highlights the inextricable bond Pacific peoples have with the ocean that has sustained them for countless generations\u2026 Most of the world\u2019s population are still unaware that this latest assault is about to wreak havoc on our oceans. We hope Blue Peril helps to inform society in general so a wide range of people \u2013 and especially those on the frontline in the Pacific \u2013 can participate in decisions about whether this industry should proceed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blue Peril was first launched in June at the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal and has been screened around the Pacific and in other parts of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Metals Company were contacted for comment on this article but no reply was received.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Documentary models the scale and nature of possible impacts to reveal that tailings waste from mining would travel 900km to Hawaii in three 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