{"id":40092732,"date":"2022-12-08T11:55:38","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T11:55:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=92732"},"modified":"2023-02-15T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T15:13:37","slug":"liberias-struggle-to-protect-endangered-sharks-and-rays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/liberias-struggle-to-protect-endangered-sharks-and-rays\/","title":{"rendered":"Liberia\u2019s struggle to protect endangered sharks and rays"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Joseph Dennis, 53, has fished sharks all his life.\u00a0Based in\u00a0West Point, a seaside township near Liberia\u2019s capital of Monrovia, he works with ten crew using a large canoe\u00a0rigged with an outboard engine.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI stayed three days on the high seas and came back with only three small sharks,\u201d explains Dennis. \u201cThis has been the story for us for over a year now.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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In another fishing community, Robertsport,\u00a0about 90 kilometres from Monrovia, Princess Brown has been a fishmonger for over a decade. Until a year ago, business was booming, but times have changed. \u201cSharks are scarce. It is difficult to even get 500 Liberian dollars in profits (US$4.00) from the shark business,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The situation in Liberia reflects a global decline in shark populations. One-third\u00a0of all shark and ray species are classified as threatened with extinction, largely due to overfishing, according to a 2021\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0in Current Biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The issue was discussed at the CITES conference last month in Panama City, where an agreement was reached to protect all species in the hammerhead and requiem shark families<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is CITES?<\/span>
\n

The\u00a0Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora\u00a0regulates\u00a0international trade in certain species of wild animal and plant.\u00a0It is thanks to CITES that international commercial trade in many high-profile wildlife products, such as big cat skins, is banned. CITES\u00a0came into effect in 1975\u00a0with 10 signatory countries. Almost every country in the world has since signed up.\u00a0Read our recent\u00a0CITES explainer<\/a>\u00a0for more.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sharks, and their close cousins, rays, have played a vital role in maintaining healthy oceans<\/a> for millions of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen sharks are removed from the ocean,\u00a0the smaller fish will be vulnerable\u00a0to other\u00a0fish,\u201d said Augustine Fayiah, program officer\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0Environmental\u00a0Justice Foundation (EJF). Sharks prevent\u00a0mid-sized predators\u00a0from\u00a0growing\u00a0too numerous and threatening\u00a0the\u00a0existence of small fish,\u00a0Fayiah\u00a0explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The situation in Liberia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Protecting sharks and rays from targeted fishing is particularly important\u00a0in\u00a0Liberia where seafood accounts for 65%\u00a0of the\u00a0protein people consume, according to a 2007 assessment<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But a lack of\u00a0awareness among fishers\u00a0of the key role the species have in marine ecosystems and\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0national\u00a0law\u00a0prohibiting their capture is hampering their protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statistics on Liberia\u2019s fish populations are extremely limited. The FAO\u2019s 2007 study estimated that\u00a0the\u00a0fisheries sector contributes\u00a03.2%\u00a0to the nation\u2019s\u00a0gross domestic product (GDP). It provides jobs and income for about\u00a033,000 people<\/a> engaged in fishing along\u00a0Liberia\u2019s\u00a0579km coastline, according to a 2018 report<\/a> by the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The industry has\u00a0cushioned\u00a0people from\u00a0the dire economic shocks inflicted\u00a0on West Africa\u00a0by the 2014\u201316 Ebola outbreak, the coronavirus pandemic and Russia\u2019s\u00a0invasion\u00a0of Ukraine. It generates revenue\u00a0via artisanal and industrial fishing, small-scale fish farming and other activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liberia\u2019s\u00a0main\u00a0fisheries\u00a0regulator\u00a0(the\u00a0National Fisheries and Aquaculture Authority,\u00a0NAFAA)\u00a0is\u00a0currently assessing<\/a> fish\u00a0populations,\u00a0including sharks and rays,\u00a0in partnership with\u00a0EJF,\u00a0the\u00a0Senegalese Institute of Agriculture Research,\u00a0and the Oceanographic Research\u00a0Center of Dakar\u00a0Thiaroye. The data is expected to inform the development of\u00a0a national\u00a0action\u00a0plan,\u00a0which may include tightening up regulations and running campaigns to raise awareness about the threatened species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plan is also expected to outline the dos and don\u2019ts of shark fishing, including acceptable types of fishing gear.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen the law is enacted, we will work with NAFAA to create awareness on the need to conserve sharks\u201d, said Augustine Fayiah of EJF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inadequate protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The\u00a0Fisheries\u00a0Law<\/a>\u00a0published in 2019 does prohibit fishing for shark\u00a0species protected under CITES and requires\u00a0special authorisation for commercial shark fishing.\u00a0But several factors,\u00a0including lack of awareness and limited enforcement capacity, mean shark fishers violate the law without knowing it exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lewis Konoe, NAFAA\u2019s director of corporate communications, said the regulator has trained fisheries inspectors stationed at landing sites to enforce the law. But problems with logistics and monitoring persist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen you are putting laws into place that affect the lives of fishermen, you need to conduct a nationwide awareness-raising so that fishers know the significance of such laws and why they must be respected,\u201d said Jerry Blamo, president of advocacy group the <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>Liberia Artisanal Fishermen Association (and no relation to the author). \u201cMost fishermen do not know about the law prohibiting them from fishing sharks and rays,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blamo has benefited from a series of training opportunities and research, including a recent study tour to Ghana designed to facilitate knowledge-sharing among Liberian and Ghanaian fishers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As new international protections are announced for sharks, Liberia\u2019s governments must support its fishers to fish sustainably<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":40092735,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[523,539],"hashtags":[],"country":[50041230],"class_list":["post-40092732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-conservation","tag-endangered-species","country-liberia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLiberia\u2019s struggle to protect endangered sharks and rays<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As new international protections are announced for sharks, Liberia\u2019s governments must support its fishers to fish sustainably\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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