{"id":40093560,"date":"2023-09-13T13:33:48","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T12:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=93560"},"modified":"2023-09-27T14:41:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T13:41:07","slug":"plastics-treaty-edges-closer-with-publication-of-zero-draft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/plastics-treaty-edges-closer-with-publication-of-zero-draft\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastics treaty edges closer with publication of \u2018zero draft\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Marking a key milestone in work towards a legally binding global treaty to end plastic pollution, the United Nations Environment Programme has released a \u2018zero draft<\/a>\u2019 of the treaty text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The draft is based on various proposals put forward by countries on what the treaty should contain, and was drafted by the Peruvian government in its capacity as chair of the intergovernmental negotiating committee (INC) for the treaty, with the support of the INC Secretariat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is intended to be used as the basis of negotiations at upcoming meetings of the INC, the next of which will be held in Nairobi, Kenya in November. At these sessions, governments will debate the precise language of the treaty, a process which will determine its scope, ambition and modes of operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a historic moment,\u201d says Eirik Lindebjerg, global plastics policy lead at WWF. \u201cThe draft as it stands at least shows that it\u2019s possible to attack a big, complex problem, and formulate concrete and specific regulations that would help us end plastic pollution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The zero draft is the latest development in a process that kicked off in March 2022, when the UN Environment Assembly adopted a resolution<\/a> to develop a legally binding global treaty to end plastic pollution that addresses the full life cycle of plastics, from production to disposal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does the draft treaty say?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As the zero draft is an attempt to capture many, sometimes contradictory, perspectives from governments on the scope and specifics of a global plastics treaty, it contains multiple different \u2018options\u2019 for key elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

For example, the section which relates to production of primary plastic polymers \u2013 that is, newly produced or \u2018virgin\u2019 plastics \u2013 presents three different options. The first would oblige countries to ensure that production stays below a binding target, to be specified in a future annex to the treaty. The second refers to an overall global target to manage and reduce production, along with nationally determined targets set by each country to contribute to this goal. The third refers only to nationally set targets to manage and reduce production. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe zero draft captures some good, concrete measures that could actually make a difference, [down] to very vague, voluntary, non-binding, general formulations that wouldn\u2019t take us anywhere closer to ending plastic pollution. That\u2019s why it\u2019s just a starting point for text negotiations,\u201d says Lindebjerg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut the zero draft does create a path for discussion of global bans that are well structured and can be built on. That\u2019s what makes me most optimistic.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other elements present in the zero draft for which multiple options are given include the use of particularly harmful chemicals in the production of plastics. Three options speak of obligations to \u201celiminate\u201d, \u201cminimize\u201d or \u201cregulate\u201d use of such chemicals, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, in a section on \u201cproblematic and avoidable plastic products, including short-lived and single-use plastic products and intentionally added microplastics\u201d, one option would oblige countries to \u201cnot allow\u201d the production and sale of certain harmful products listed in a future annex. A less stringent second option would require countries to \u201ctake the necessary measures to regulate and reduce and, as appropriate, not allow\u201d their production and sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe zero draft does seem promising: it talks about reduction in the production of primary plastic, elimination of polymers and chemicals of concern and elimination of problematic, avoidable, and short-lived plastics,\u201d says Priti Mahesh, chief programme officer at the NGO Toxics Link. \u201cTransparency and traceability, very important elements which were emphasised by civil society groups during INC-2, have also found place in this draft. But it is all up to the countries to bring about an impactful\u00a0treaty,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018All options still on the table\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAt this point, the zero draft is more like a menu card of options which is wide open for negotiators to choose from, eliminate, combine or modify,\u201d says Dharmesh Shah, an India-based senior campaigner at the Centre for International Environmental Law. \u201cIt is a good starting point and the onus is now on the parties to make it as ambitious as needed to address the scale of the plastics crisis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like any negotiated compromise, it will be a mixed bag<\/blockquote>Tim Grabiel, a senior lawyer at London-based NGO the Environmental Investigation Agency<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe zero draft has kept all options on the table, both positive and negative,\u201d says Tim Grabiel, a senior lawyer at London-based NGO the Environmental Investigation Agency. \u201cHopefully we will have a successful outcome, but there are forces lining up to try and make this [treaty] weaker than required.\u201d Grabiel mentions pushes by some countries to have contributions towards achieving the treaty\u2019s goals decided solely at the national level. This, he said, would repeat a shortcoming of the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grabiel highlights specific reference to fishing gear in the zero draft as a positive sign that the treaty will lead to targeted strategies to tackle this problem, estimated<\/a> to be the single biggest source of plastic waste in the ocean. However, he flags agricultural plastics<\/a> as a major source of plastic pollution not currently mentioned in the zero draft. These, he says, will require a dedicated, bespoke approach if their negative impacts are to be mitigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLike any negotiated compromise, it will be a mixed bag, but we hope that on the most impactful measures, we will get some effective control measures, and not just leave those for national determination. But by and large, we very much welcome [the zero draft] \u2013 a lot of work was put into it.\u201d The draft, Grabiel adds, accurately reflects the views of the parties at the most recent committee meeting, INC-2, held in Paris earlier this year<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happens next with the global plastics treaty?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The zero draft is intended to form the basis of discussions at the upcoming INC-3 meeting in Kenya in November, and then INC-4 in Canada in around May 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In between these meetings, intersessional work will be ongoing, likely including work on criteria for which chemicals and products should be included in annexes to the treaty, making them subject to particular restrictions or phase-out targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout this phase, there will be debate between countries which are pushing for high ambitions with specific bans and phase-out targets, and those instead warning against going too far towards binding upstream controls on elements such as plastic production, harmful chemicals, and single-use plastics. Grabiel mentions the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia and China as examples of the latter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut it very much depends on the issue,\u201d he adds. \u201cFor example, China is a big proponent of a robust financial mechanism that provides consistent funding to developing countries.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUntil now, the positions taken by India and China have not been very ambitious,\u201d adds Priti Mahesh. \u201cThey have been vocal about bringing in downstream measures, such as managing waste, but have been largely silent or opposing any upstream measures.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The process is supposed to conclude with a conference in mid 2025, at which country representatives would sign the new treaty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Campaigners say document could pave the way for an effective global agreement to tackle plastic pollution, but all depends on the outcomes of negotiations over the next year<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":40093563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[569,578,20000341],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040759],"class_list":["post-40093560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-negotiations","tag-plastics","tag-water-pollution","country-kenya"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlastics treaty edges closer with publication of \u2018zero draft\u2019 | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Campaigners say document could pave the way for an effective global agreement to tackle plastic pollution, but all depends on the outcomes of negotiations over the 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