{"id":40094270,"date":"2024-03-13T14:41:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T14:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogueocean.net\/?p=94270"},"modified":"2024-04-11T11:40:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T11:40:51","slug":"fisheries-subsidies-we-have-let-history-down","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/fisheries-subsidies-we-have-let-history-down\/","title":{"rendered":"Fisheries subsidies: \u2018We have let history down\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cNow and again, we are called upon; history calls upon us to actually stand up and rise to the occasion. I\u2019m afraid that today we have let history down.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those were the words<\/a> of Fiji\u2019s minister for trade, Manoa Kamikamica, to the World Trade Organization\u2019s ministerial conference in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates earlier this month. There, despite hopes expressed by environmentalists and developing nations beforehand, delegates couldn\u2019t finalise an agreement to rein in fishing subsidies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While governments pay tens of billions of dollars<\/a> annually to subsidise their fishing fleets, 35%<\/a> of fish stocks worldwide are exploited beyond sustainable levels, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The subsidies primarily lower fuel and vessel construction costs for industrial fishing, enabling boats to catch more by going further out to sea for longer periods of time. According to one estimate, US$22 billion<\/a> was spent in 2018 on such \u201ccapacity enhancing\u201d subsidies, which critics say endanger fish populations and harm marine ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WTO members had agreed a deal<\/a> at a 2022 ministerial conference to limit some of the subsidies most directly linked to long-term damage of fish populations<\/a>. But in order to reach a consensus, as required by WTO rules, they put off dealing with eliminating subsidies that contribute to overfishing and overcapacity \u2013 a fleet\u2019s ability to harvest more fish than is sustainable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While observers believed an agreement on that vital second element of the deal was possible after two years of negotiations, it ultimately proved elusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

International waters, international disputes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At the Abu Dhabi meeting, a group of Pacific Island states argued that a draft text of additional rules<\/a> on overcapacity and overfishing did not go far enough<\/a>. They called for further changes, including an outright cap on fisheries subsidies, rather than the mooted option of allowing large fishing nations to continue providing subsidies in some circumstances, such as for stocks considered well managed. Daniel Skerritt, a senior analyst at conservation NGO Oceana, said finding compromises on this took most of the week and \u201cdelayed the negotiations\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

China and the United States worked together to find solutions, noted Ernesto Fern\u00e1ndez Monge, a senior officer at the NGO Pew Charitable Trusts. \u201cChina was ready to give up on its differential treatment as a developing country at the WTO for the purpose of this agreement, and had also accepted [including] a mention of distant-water fishing subsidies in the text,\u201d he told China Dialogue Ocean. Imposing limits on countries subsidising fishing beyond their own jurisdictions would make much current \u201cdistant-water fishing\u201d no longer profitable, says Milko Schvartzman, a marine conservation specialist from Argentina. He cites the example of the fishing vessels that arrive from Asia every year in the South Atlantic<\/a> \u2013 journeys that involve substantial amounts of fuel. \u201cThey wouldn\u2019t be able to keep up with the costs,\u201d he told China Dialogue Ocean.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Blocked by a few\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Towards the end of the meeting, there appeared to be a compromise text of the additional rules that the majority of WTO members could have agreed to. It included a new clause committing members to reviewing the effectiveness of the agreement in the future. But India and Brazil refused to accept the text due to the lack of agreement on agriculture reforms that were being negotiated at the same time, observers say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere was a lack of political will, and obstruction from just a few countries,\u201d says Steve Trent, CEO of the Environmental Justice Foundation. \u201cEverybody needs and deserve a voice, but countries can block progress.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis also singled out India. \u201cAgreements were within reach, supported by an overwhelming majority of members, but ultimately blocked by a handful of countries \u2013 sometimes just one,\u201d he said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choppy waters ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The 2022 WTO agreement deals with phasing out the most egregious subsidies. These are payments that support: illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing; catching of overfished stocks when no fisheries management measures are in place; and fishing on the high seas outside the jurisdiction of fisheries management bodies. It will only enter into force once 110 WTO members have ratified it \u2013 the number currently stands<\/a> at 71.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We came so close, but at the end of the day, there were one or two matters that we couldn\u2019t reach<\/blockquote>Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, WTO director general<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The additional rules that many hoped WTO members could conclude in Abu Dhabi would have gone further and prevented subsidies that contribute to overfishing in the first place, says Tristan Irschlinger, a policy advisor at the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). \u201cThey focus more on the root cause of the problem and not only on the most acute manifestations of that problem,\u201d he notes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negotiations on the additional rules will continue at the WTO\u2019s headquarters in Geneva. Observers hope a decision might not have to wait until the next ministerial conference taking place in 2026. Some have suggested that countries could instead vote on the new rules at a meeting of the General Council, the WTO\u2019s highest decision-making body, or even call for an ad-hoc ministerial meeting focused specifically on fishing subsidies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the meantime, WTO director general Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said she expects the first part of the agreement to enter into force by mid-year, something many observers also believe is feasible. If this happens, a \u201csunset clause\u201d provision will come into effect that mandates the termination of the agreement if a comprehensive set of rules is not established within four years. This gives a clear deadline to approve the additional rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe came so close, but at the end of the day, there were one or two matters that we couldn\u2019t reach,\u201d Okonjo-Iweala told the media after the Abu Dhabi meeting. Nonetheless, she said, \u201cwith ministers here, it was helpful for members to understand the reservations of each other. It brought us closer to almost getting the package.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Disappointment as negotiators fail to agree curbs on subsidies for overfishing at World Trade Organization meeting<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":40094273,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[545,40027748,40027767],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-40094270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-fisheries","tag-overfishing","tag-subsidies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFisheries subsidies: \u2018We have let history down\u2019 | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Disappointment as negotiators fail to agree curbs on subsidies for overfishing at World Trade Organization meeting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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