{"id":50002684,"date":"2015-06-23T13:11:24","date_gmt":"2015-06-23T12:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=2684"},"modified":"2022-12-12T16:34:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T16:34:09","slug":"2684-green-groups-resist-chinas-river-highway-plans-for-the-magdalena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/2684-green-groups-resist-chinas-river-highway-plans-for-the-magdalena\/","title":{"rendered":"Green groups resist China&#8217;s river highway plans for the Magdalena"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese plans for the Magdalena river, Colombia\u2019s main fluvial artery, top the list of concerns for the South American country\u2019s environmental organizations. Drawn up between 2012 and 2014, the majority of the <a href=\"http:\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/essay\/magdalena-master-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">master plan<\/a> to take advantage of the river was financed by Chinese with the aim of assessing its potential for navigability, land exploitation and energy generation.<\/p>\n<p>The plan developed by <a href=\"http:\/\/hydrochina.net\/en\/index.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrochina<\/a> intends to convert the Magdalena into an aquatic superhighway enabling the transportation of huge cargos around the clock. Resources such as coal, palm oil and petroleum are\u00a0expected to move along the river as they represent 80% of the cargo that passes through Colombian ports. At the same time, the plan includes the construction of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/andes-to-the-amazon\/2015\/mar\/14\/colombians-big-mobilisation-save-countrys-principal-river\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19 dams<\/a>, which could displace fishermen and rural and indigenous communities.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany people live along and depend on this river. Fishermen are very worried as theirs is the only way of life they know. The wetlands are fundamental to protecting against the big floods in rainy season,\u201d said Juan Carlos Vargas, Co-Director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/fundacion-alma.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alma Foundation<\/a>. \u201cChina has a business agenda with the river. It wants to harness its productivity to make it competitive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>More than 1,500 kilometres in length, the Magdalena stretches over a considerable part of Colombia and is navigable from the town of Honda in the department of Tulima in the central Andean region, to its mouth on the Caribbean coast. \u00a080% of Colombia\u2019s population lives in the Magdalena basin, which covers 24% of the country\u2019s territory. The basin covers 18 administrative departments and is responsible for generating 85% of the country\u2019s GDP. \u00a0But according to the master plan, it\u2019s potential is even greater.<\/p>\n<p>The Navalena Consortium, which includes Brazil\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/odebrecht.com\/en\/home\">Odebrecht <\/a>and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessreviewamericalatina.com\/VALORCON-SA\/profiles\/136\/VALORCON-contin%C3%BAa-mejorando-la-infraestructura-de-Colombia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valorcon <\/a>of Colombia, has already embarked on a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bnamericas.com\/news\/infrastructure\/colombias-magdalena-river-project-receives-only-one-bid1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">US$ 1.3 billion project <\/a>to ensure that the river will be navigable 24 hours a day within five years. These companies will be in charge of the construction and maintenance of 908 metres of a navigable canal and the construction of nine ports. But environmental organizations warn that there are no more than 50 documents available that show how the river will work, whereas during tendering there were said to be more than 700.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are many environmental questions hanging over this. We don\u2019t know what will happen with the swamps and wetlands that depend on the river,\u201d said Margarita Florez, Director of the Colombian civil society group <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ambienteysociedad.org.co\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ambiente y Socieded<\/a>\u00a0(Environment and Society). \u00a0\u201cThe alluvial zones weren\u2019t taken into account in the master plan. No one asked us what we thought of the document,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n<p>Despite having expanded its presence in Latin America without much difficulty, China is faced with big challenges in Colombia in the form of pressure from social and environmental groups. These groups are concerned about some of the Chinese-funded projects that form part of the country\u2019s plan to increase the volume of trade with Colombia and they have already claimed their <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telesurtv.net\/english\/news\/Colombia-Suspends-516-Mining-Projects--20150521-0030.html\">first victory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>China has undertaken a huge diplomatic and commercial push to improve relations with Latin America and Colombia is no exception. China has consolidated its position as Colombia\u2019s second largest trading partner, having replaced Venezuela, and it is catching up with the United States. Chinese products represent 18% of all Colombia\u2019s imports.<\/p>\n<p>But one characteristic that separates Colombia from the rest of the region is that there has been widespread and organized opposition to Chinese projects because of the risks they pose to the environment. This was demonstrated during the recent <a title=\"Cooperation on environment just a goodwill gesture for China and Latin America\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/china-and-latin-america-treat-environment-as-goodwill-gesture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visit of Chinese premier Li Keqiang<\/a>, when green groups presented him with <a href=\"http:\/\/censat.org\/es\/noticias\/carta-de-ambientalistas-a-li-keqiang-primer-ministro-de-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a letter<\/a> expressing their dissatisfaction and demanding\u00a0to know more about China\u2019s plans for Colombia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOver the past decade, we have witnessed the intensification of commercial, cultural and technological relations between China and our country, represented by government accords. We know your stance with respect to the environment in your country; supporting policies that promote economic growth without infringing communities,\u201d read the letter signed by more than 10 organizations. The signatories also requested a meeting with Li, which did not materialize.<\/p>\n<p><strong>More projects, More unknowns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Even through the details are unknown, the number of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/politica\/gobierno\/visita-del-primer-ministro-chino-li-keqiang\/15793396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deals recently signed between China and Colombia<\/a> bring with them a wide range of projects, some of which were mentioned specifically during Li Keqiang\u2019s visit. The vast Orinoqu\u00eda region in the east of the country will be subject to infrastructure development that will include a highway that runs alongside the Meta river, the final stretch of which borders Venezuela. The project also includes making the Meta navigable to facilitate agricultural development in the region which comprises mostly of savannahs.<\/p>\n<p>Another standout project will focus\u00a0on Buenaventura, Colombia\u2019s most important Pacific port, which is engulfed by a humanitarian crisis caused by conflict between criminal gangs. Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos announced that with China\u2019s support they will breath \u201cnew life\u201d into the city. It is estimated that the US$ 3billion Buenaventura project will integrate industrial, logistical, automotive, agricultural and infrastructure development and will begin in 2016. But as with the other deals, details are scarce.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re also looking at a Chinese-funded oil pipeline project. It will be located in the centre of the country and will run alongside the Magadalena, but many of the details are still unknown,\u201d said Florez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The first victory \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a result of a recent lawsuit brought by the environmental organization <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tierradigna.org\/\">Tierra Digna<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.consejodeestado.gov.co\/\">State Council<\/a> ordered the suspension of presidential decrees that identified 516 zones, more than 20% of national territory, as strategic mining areas that would be handed over to private companies after a tendering process. The court ruled that consultation with indigenous peoples must be undertaken before the project could advance.<\/p>\n<p>The areas identified by the government are of great environmental importance, argues Ximena Gonz\u00e1lez, director of Tierra Digna, who does not rule out that Chinese companies will be among those interested in the mining projects. They could see their further entry into Colombia restricted by the ruling.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe decision to demarcate these areas for mining projects was taken by the government behind closed doors, without first carrying out an environmental survey of the territory. The objective was to favour foreign investment since there are no Colombian mining companies and I wouldn\u2019t rule out that this comes through China,\u201d said Gonzalez.<\/p>\n<p>There are no Chinese mining companies currently working in Colombia, with the majority coming from Canada, South Africa, the UK and the US including <a href=\"http:\/\/www.glencore.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glencore<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.drummondco.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drummond<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.angloamerican.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AngloAmerican <\/a>and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bhpbilliton.com\/home\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BHP Billiton<\/a>. Gold, platinum, coal and coltan (a black metal ore) are the most sought after commodities according to Gonz\u00e1lez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Growing relationship \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Just a decade ago Colombia bought US$ 1 billion worth of Chinese products annually, but after a staggering increase this hit US$ 10 billion last year. Not only have imports consisted of typical products like clothes and shoes, but they now include electrical appliances, mobile phones, machinery, iron, steel and chemicals, among others. Big Chinese multinationals like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huawei.com\/uk\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Huawei<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/wwwen.zte.com.cn\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZTE<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinopecgroup.com\/group\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sinopec<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinopecgroup.com\/group\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HydroChina<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cah.com.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Capital Airport Holding<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web.uk.tiens.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tiens <\/a>and <a href=\"http:\/\/uk.tp-link.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T-P link<\/a> have established themselves in Colombia.<\/p>\n<p>China and Colombia have also explored the possibility of negotiating a free trade agreement. President Santos mentioned a possible agreement two years ago during a visit to China but conversations have not advanced because of fears from Colombian business about its weak bargaining power given the contrasting size of China\u2019s industrial sector.<\/p>\n<p>Gina Rodriguez, Director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccolombochina.com\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China-Colombia Chamber of Trade and Integration<\/a>, highlighted the importance of the alliance with China because of the potential that it has for the Colombian economy. But she too wants to know more details about the recent projects in order to evaluate their environmental impacts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese projects are only superficially known. I can\u2019t say whether or not they\u2019re going to harm the environment. The Chamber always analyses new projects, and that\u2019s what we\u2019re going to do. These initiatives are still being managed and lack detailed analyses. \u00a0We have to look at them closely and analyse the potential repercussions,\u201d said Rodriguez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Colombian civil society demands information about impacts of road and river logistics projects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50002666,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[502,516,556],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000025],"class_list":["post-50002684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-activism","tag-civil-society","tag-infrastructure","country-colombia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - 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