{"id":50004472,"date":"2015-12-08T16:10:27","date_gmt":"2015-12-08T16:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=4472"},"modified":"2023-06-15T18:35:22","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T15:35:22","slug":"4472-environmental-tribunal-questions-china-backed-projects-in-latin-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/4472-environmental-tribunal-questions-china-backed-projects-in-latin-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental tribunal questions China-backed projects in Latin America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Environmental conflicts relating to China-backed infrastructure projects in Latin America were scrutinised in Paris last week at the <a href=\"http:\/\/therightsofnature.org\/rights-of-nature-tribunal-paris\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Rights of Nature Tribunal<\/a>, a citizen\u2019s initiative that hears public testimonies about damage to Mother Earth. The tribunal took place alongside the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cop21paris.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COP21<\/a> climate negotiations.<\/p>\n<p>The Paris meeting is the tribunal\u2019s third since its creation in 2014, and is aimed at promoting greater awareness over the need to extend and enforce national and international laws in order to protect the planet. Ecosystems have the right to exist but this needs to be reflected in the law, the tribunal heard.<\/p>\n<p>Internationally renowned environmental lawyers and leaders of social and environmental movements formed a panel that heard testimonies decrying practices such as \u2018fracking\u2019, open-cast mining, deforestation, dams and genetically-modified farming. Many such practices have had substantial investment from China and have led to social conflicts and <a title=\"China is a \u201cmajor driver\u201d of environmental degradation in Latin America\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/china-is-a-major-driver-of-environmental-degradation-in-latin-america\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental degradation<\/a> in many countries in Latin America.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s not an abstract idea, it has concrete obligations,\u201d environmental lawyer Cormac Cullinan told <em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>. \u201cWe believe in the need for an institution that is not just based on international law but on the laws of nature, which has a right to exist,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany of the cases we deal with are from Latin America, the region is marred by <a title=\"Infrastructure investments can\u2019t \u201ctrample\u201d on human rights, say UN experts\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/infrastructure-investments-cant-trample-on-human-rights-say-un-experts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental conflicts<\/a>,\u201d added Cullinan, who is president of the tribunal and has secured changes in the law in Ecuador and Bolivia to include the recognition of the rights of nature. These have also been added to decrees in US districts Pennsylvania and Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n<p>Brazil\u2019s giant hydroelectric projects were among those most closely scrutinised by the tribunal. <a title=\"Brazil blocks State Grid plans to employ 11,000 Chinese on mega dam project\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/brazil-blocks-state-grid-plans-to-employ-11000-chinese-on-mega-dam-project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Belo Monte<\/a>, a complex currently under construction on the Xingu river, was broadly dismissed, as was the case of <a title=\"Indigenous tribes halt bid process for Brazilian hydroelectric plant\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/indigenous-tribes-halt-bid-process-for-brazilian-hydroelectric-plant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tapaj\u00f3s<\/a>, a complex of dams to be built on the Amazon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4484\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4484\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4484\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSCN1796-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"The expert panel of the International Rights of Nature Tribunal (image: Ferm\u00edn Koop)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The expert panel of the International Rights of Nature Tribunal (image: Ferm\u00edn Koop)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>China\u2019s power distribution giant <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sgcc.com.cn\/ywlm\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Grid<\/a> heads a consortium that sealed the deal to construct a 2000-kilometre transmission line from Belo Monte. The project was recently granted an environmental permit. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwitioD41MzJAhXBcw8KHWddDhcQFggfMAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctgpc.com%2F&amp;usg=AFQjCNEtsTe5oz83hf4_JXmZf-GfLyUOKw&amp;bvm=bv.109332125,d.ZWU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Three Gorges Corporation<\/a> (CTG), the largest hydropower engineering company in the world, is reported to be interested in securing the Tapaj\u00f3s contract.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe cases of Tapajos and Belo Monte are two of the clearest examples of crimes against nature and humanity that can be seen,\u201d said Christian Poirier, Europe and Brazil director of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=10&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjootKJ1czJAhVBkg8KHYUfB8oQFghUMAk&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Famazonwatch.org%2F&amp;usg=AFQjCNGhY4FEdY1pMOkxhBFo4wbpZ-okxg&amp;bvm=bv.109332125,d.ZWU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Watch<\/a>. \u201cThey are going to bring about the destruction of the Amazon and are already putting millions of hectares and thousands of species at risk,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p>Similar concerns were raised over oil exploitation in the <a title=\"Yasun\u00ed: a silent investment\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/yasuni-silent-investment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yasun\u00ed <\/a>national park in Ecuador, with the practice described as \u2018ecocide\u2019. Rafael Correa\u2019s government authorised drilling activities in the area after the collapse of the Yasun\u00ed ITT initiative, which sought contributions from the international community to keep the oil in the ground. PetroOriental, which is owned by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) controls block 14, one of six which overlaps with a protected area within Yasun\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe national park is one of the most biodiverse areas on the planet, which is why oil drilling activities must be avoided. It will have very dangerous impacts,\u201d said Carlos Larrea, a researcher at the Yasun\u00ed ITT initiative. \u201cThe risk of ecocide is very high. Aboriginal communities who live in the zone will be seriously affected, as will the flora and fauna,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p>Argentina was also in the panel\u2019s firing line owing to its plans for the wide-scale introduction of <a title=\"China eyes Argentina\u2019s mining bonanza\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/argentina-china-fracking-shale-oil-gas-water\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fracking <\/a>\u2013 the process of extracting unconventional oil and gas reserves. Fracking is considered environmentally risky because of the number of chemicals used, which can lead to water pollution and increase the risk of earthquakes.<\/p>\n<p>The government of outgoing president Cristina Kirchner was also questioned over its deal with American oil giant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjOoaDa18zJAhWCWw8KHe4FCDAQFggpMAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chevron.com%2F&amp;usg=AFQjCNECqsGctEt9vWIy5J_BPWRzAM4YXA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chevron<\/a>. The company\u2019s office in Buenos Aires had its accounts frozen following a ruling in favour of the citizens of Ecuador who brought the company\u2019s poor environmental practice <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2015\/jun\/17\/chevron-hits-out-at-british-documentary-on-oil-pollution-in-ecuador\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to global attention<\/a>. However, the embargo was immediately lifted after Chevron and Argentina signed the agreement.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cArgentina joined the hydrocarbons boom in a blind and disorderly fashion,\u201d said Enrique Viale, president of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bogasambientalistas.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of Argentine Environmnetal Lawyers<\/a>. \u201cIt got involved with Chevron, which managed to flee justice in Ecuador. The Argentine state is complicit in the fracking venture. It adopted a legal framework to authorise the activity,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resource-seeking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prompted by <em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>, the panel examined the growing role of China in Latin America and the environmental hazards it brings. The lack of sufficient natural resources within its own borders obliges China to seek them out all over the world, with Latin America serving as one destination, the panel argued.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLatin America is in the grip of Chinese imperialism,\u201d said Alberto Acosta, ex-president of Ecuador\u2019s National Constituent Assembly. \u201cBeing the great power that it is, China uses its financial resources to buy assets such as <a title=\"China\u2019s search for food in Latin America: grabbing headlines not land\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/chinas-search-for-food-in-latin-america-grabbing-headlines-not-land\/\">land <\/a>and minerals, and undertakes huge public works. But at the same time it asks for preferential treatment in climate negotiations, acting as if it were a poor country,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time Cullinan compared what is happening in Latin America with the case of Africa; \u201cthere are a large number of Chinese companies coming here. China thinks long-term and has realised that it doesn\u2019t possess enough natural resources. So finding them in Latin America looks like an attractive option,\u201d Cullinan said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt&nbsp;goes in two directions at the same time with respect to the environment, it\u2019s as if it&nbsp;were schizophrenic,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>US and Chinese mining and energy companies&#8217; &#8216;crimes against nature&#8217; examined at forum in Paris<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50004480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[50040720,556,566],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50000021,20000110,50002594],"class_list":["post-50004472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-geopolitics","tag-infrastructure","tag-mining","country-argentina","country-brazil","country-china","country-ecuador"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Environmental tribunal questions China-backed projects in Latin America | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"US and Chinese mining and energy companies&#039; &#039;crimes against nature&#039; examined at forum in Paris\" 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