{"id":50005354,"date":"2016-03-10T16:30:17","date_gmt":"2016-03-10T16:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=5354"},"modified":"2023-06-02T14:50:45","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T13:50:45","slug":"5354-lula-indictment-brazil-is-stronger-than-it-looks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/5354-lula-indictment-brazil-is-stronger-than-it-looks\/","title":{"rendered":"Lula indictment: Brazil is stronger than it looks"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>\n<div>Brazil\u2019s former president\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-latin-america-35737249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva<\/a>\u00a0(Lula), who has been charged by a prosecutor with\u00a0money laundering and the hiding of assets.In a separate operation authorised by Federal Judge Sergio Moro,\u00a0around 200 federal policemen and 30 tax auditors raided his apartment and took him to Congonhas airport for a three-hour interrogation at the end of last week.<\/p>\n<p>This operation was part of<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u00a0Operation Car Wash, a set of investigations begun two years ago into\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5;\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-the-massive-petrobras-corruption-scandal-is-upending-brazilian-politics-43939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corruption in Petrobras<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">, the partially state-owned oil company. These latest development raise some critical questions not just about the survival of Lula\u2019s successor, President Dilma Rousseff, but about the rule of law and the state of Brazil\u2019s democracy.<\/p>\n<p><\/span>Re-elected to a second term in 2014, Rousseff is now dealing with five major problems: Brazil\u2019s worst economic recession in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-01-04\/brazil-analysts-ring-in-new-year-with-deeper-recession-forecast\">over a century<\/a>; a congressional push to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2016-03-04\/brazil-assets-poised-to-rally-as-lula-targeted-in-police-raid\">impeach<\/a>\u00a0her; a review of her\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-brazil-corruption-rousseff-idUSKCN0W35CZ\">campaign finances<\/a>\u00a0by the Federal Electoral Court (which could see the anullment of her electoral victory); the <a title=\"Sinopec and Petrobras: more than oil in common\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/sinopec-and-petrobras-more-than-oil-in-common\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Car Wash<\/a> investigation, and the spread of the\u00a0<a title=\"Zika fears could ruin Rio Olympics\" href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/zika-fears-could-ruin-rio-olympics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zika virus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">But while this deep crisis might seem new, several of these problems actually reflect long-term changes.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">From 1995 to about 2012, it was taken for granted that Brazilian presidents could forge a working majority in Congress, despite an electoral system of open-list proportional representation with very large districts, a dizzying array of parties (28 in today\u2019s Congress) and the fact that the president\u2019s party has always held less than 20% of congressional seats.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">This is called \u201ccoalitional presidentialism\u201d. To work properly, it relies on the president\u2019s various informal and formal governing powers. The president can issue provisional measures (executive decrees) when a congressional majority for a bill is not assured. She can offer coalition partners ministries (sometimes with the power to appoint hundreds of their subordinates in the ministry), and she can direct federal spending in ways that benefit political partners.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">But the system is now in crisis. While the government has a majority in the Senate, Rousseff has been unable to cobble together a working majority in the lower house of Congress, where she is facing a showdown. The lower house\u2019s president, Eduardo Cunha, is trying to remove her via impeachment, but he himself could be removed because of\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body);\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-latin-america-35101785\">corruption charges against him<\/a><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert; font-family: var(--font__body); color: initial;\">In short, Brazil has never looked so hard to govern.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>The rule of law <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lula\u2019s detention and interrogation also raise questions about the way the judges, prosecutors and police involved in the Car Wash investigations are using their power. After Lula was interrogated, Supreme Court Justice Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mello publicly questioned Judge S\u00e9rgio Moro\u2019s decision to make the interrogation coercive, meaning that the police came unannounced to Lula\u2019s residence and demanded that he accompany them to a secure location for questioning.<\/p>\n<p>Aur\u00e9lio Mello said that coercive interrogations were usually employed only when the suspect or witness refused to testify voluntarily, something that did not apply in Lula\u2019s case. Moro, a federal judge and a key player in the Car Wash investigations, claimed his decision was taken to avoid public demonstrations for and against Lula \u2013 which happened anyway once the news broke.<\/p>\n<p>Anti-corruption investigators have used other questionable tactics. Indefinite detention has been used to force people to testify, as in the case of Odebrecht CEO\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/06\/20\/business\/international\/brazil-arrests-head-ofodebrecht-in-petrobras-scandal.html\">Marcelo Odebrecht<\/a>, who has been held for almost nine months so far. Similarly, plea bargains can allow self-interested witnesses to shift responsibility to former co-conspirators.<\/p>\n<p>Witness testimony has been selectively leaked to a willing media, which then exposes details of claims and counter-claims in a storm of publicity, doing little to help the due process of resolving these highly complicated charges.<\/p>\n<p>As the Brazilian political scientist Leonard Avritzer\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.travessa.com.br\/impasses-da-democracia-no-brasil\/artigo\/0707c608-72c3-4dfb-a93f-91aebb44c935\">argues<\/a>, media-driven anti-corruption campaigns tend to demonise certain culprits while remaining uncritical of others. This is a serious problem for the rule of law, regardless of individuals&#8217; guilt or innocence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The quality of democracy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Still, most Brazilians probably care less about the survival of the Rousseff government than they do about getting out of the recession and improving the quality of government. Brazil suffers from a serious legitimacy problem: its people mistrust their politicians and political parties, who they see as a group of insulated, self-interested hacks engaged in illicit deals with business, ripping off the public purse, lining their own pockets, and doing nothing for the common good.<\/p>\n<p>According to the political scientist\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www1.folha.uol.com.br\/poder\/2016\/02\/1741508-numero-de-eleitores-anti-pt-cresce-no-pais-aponta-estudo.shtml\">David Samuels<\/a>, about 60% of the Brazilian electorate do not identify with a party. About 10-15% identify with Lula and Rousseff\u2019s Workers&#8217; Party (PT), while about 11% of the electorate are \u201cpure\u201d anti-Petistas: they hate the PT, but they also don\u2019t like other parties. They\u2019re much more likely to be white than PT supporters are, and they\u2019re much more likely to be wealthy and to resent the poor, who did well under PT policies until the recession.<\/p>\n<p>So politically, economically and socially, the picture is one of division, conflict, and inertia. But while Brazil\u2019s government is in crisis, its democracy is not \u2013 and it\u2019s easy to miss the enormous strides the country has made.<\/p>\n<p>Over the last 30 years, Brazil has managed to establish communication and recognition between whites and non-whites, rich and poor, young and old, and a plethora of other groups, all across an enormous and diverse territory. And for all that Brazilians are disgusted by their corrupt and inept leaders, the country\u2019s institutions are robust.<\/p>\n<p>The federal police, the public ministry, and the federal judiciary may use questionable tactics, but their autonomy from the government and capacity for action are not in question. Unlike in 1993, after the impeachment of President Fernando Collor de Mello, nobody is seriously speculating about a military intervention.<\/p>\n<p>Serious changes will probably have to wait until 2017. This year, Congress will be tied up with impeachment, the Olympic Games will start on August 5, and municipal elections are set for October. New demonstrations for and against the impeachment of President Rousseff are being organised, but as long as Brazil\u2019s hard-won values of tolerance and equanimity can be preserved, the current stalemate can eventually be overcome.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article was originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/lula-charged-brazil-seems-ungovernable-but-its-more-robust-than-it-looks-55905\">The Conversation<\/a><\/em> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/55905\/count.gif\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indictment of former president shows democracy is working in Brazil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50005357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[20000187,50029971],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021],"class_list":["post-50005354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-corruption","tag-oil","country-brazil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lula indictment: Brazil is stronger than it looks | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Indictment of former president shows democracy is working in Brazil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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