{"id":50009034,"date":"2017-05-24T09:25:51","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T08:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=9034"},"modified":"2023-01-25T11:19:57","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T11:19:57","slug":"9034-new-uruguay-port-could-lead-to-south-atlantic-ecosystem-collapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/9034-new-uruguay-port-could-lead-to-south-atlantic-ecosystem-collapse\/","title":{"rendered":"New Uruguay port could lead to South Atlantic ecosystem collapse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Already highly vulnerable, the South Atlantic marine ecosystem could collapse if a Chinese-funded fishing port in Uruguayan capital Montevideo goes ahead as planned, conservationists fear.<\/p>\n<p>The controversial US$200 million port investment proposed by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinafisherygroup.com\/\">Shandong BaoMa Fisheries Limited<\/a> would service Chinese long-distance fishing fleets, enabling them to prolong expeditions in waters off Uruguay and Argentina, which are plagued by overfishing by vessels from around the world.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe pressure on [fish]stocks that are already exploited to the limit or over-exploited will increase,\u201d said Milko Schvartzman, a marine conservationist, on the potential impacts of the port project.<\/p>\n<p>Large squid stocks attract international fishing fleets \u2013 many of them illegal, unregistered, or unregulated (IUU) \u2013 to the waters of the South Atlantic off the eastern shores of Uruguay and Argentina. Squid is a vital link in the food chains that underpin marine ecosystems, providing food for various fish species, penguins, sea lions and even sperm whales.<\/p>\n<h2>Montevideo: a global fishing hub<\/h2>\n<p>Shandong BaoMa Fisheries (part of the Shandong BaoMa conglomerate) is in the \u201cfinal stages\u201d of negotiations with the Uruguayan government for the purchase of 28 hectares of land in the eastern outskirts of Montevideo, local news outlet <em>La Rep\u00fablica<\/em> recently <a href=\"http:\/\/www.republica.com.uy\/grupo-inversor-chino-se-instala-uruguay-base-pesquera\/586516\/\">reported<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed port would include a shipyard, refuelling station and freezer storage. Years in planning, the project was given renewed impetus during Uruguayan president Tabar\u00e9 V\u00e1zquez\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elpais.com.uy\/informacion\/vazquez-atraer-inversion-china-infraestructura.html\">visit<\/a> to Beijing in October 2016.<\/p>\n<p>But the Montevideo port, which could be a central part of bigger plans to develop the city\u2019s role as a major logistics hub for the import and export of goods between China and Latin America, concerns conservationists.<\/p>\n<p>Schvartzman said numbers of penguins and sea lions are in decline in the South Atlantic, owing to a lack of food, namely squid.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/sci-tech\/more-antarctic-protections-urged-on-world-penguin-day-1.3383661\">Increasing water temperatures<\/a>, which affect their prey, are\u00a0also a factor.\u00a0Meanwhile, Uruguay\u2019s neighbour Argentina has complained about the ongoing practice of <a href=\"http:\/\/usa.oceana.org\/TransshippingExposed\">IUU fishing<\/a> in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the South Atlantic, Schvartzman added.<\/p>\n<p>The area has some of the most marine biodiversity on the planet. The meeting of warm ocean currents from Brazil with cold water from the Falklands (Malvinas) islands, above a vast seabed plain which\u00a0plunges steeply at the edge of the continental shelf, have allowed marine life to prosper in many forms.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9036\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9036\" style=\"width: 728px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Screen-Shot-2017-05-17-at-18.34.48.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9036\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Screen-Shot-2017-05-17-at-18.34.48.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"728\" height=\"489\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9036\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image credit: Oceana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jacqueline Savitz, from marine advocacy groups Oceana and Global Fishing Watch said: \u201cWhen fishing vessels that remain at sea for many months at a time can hide the amounts of fish they are catching and selling, it makes it difficult to enforce sustainable fishing laws.\u201d (This practice is known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/9653-Study-shows-Russia-leads-suspected-transshipping-worldwide\">transshipping<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Dai Xiaojie, a researcher from Shanghai Ocean University, acknowledged that squid is the main target for Chinese vessels in the South Atlantic but added that it is a species that recovers rapidly. Dai said squid is not currently overfished there.<\/p>\n<p>Schvartzman said fishing for squid and cod does not only impact their numbers but also harms populations of other fish, dolphins and albatross that are caught accidentally. He added that the discharge of pollutants of many long-distance fleets is unregulated and that this, too, has serious environmental consequences.<\/p>\n<p>Montevideo\u2019s port is the world\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/usa.oceana.org\/sites\/default\/files\/4046\/oceana_top_ports_visited_by_reefers.jpg\">second<\/a> most visited destination by refrigerated cargo vessels, known as reefers, according to a recent <a href=\"http:\/\/usa.oceana.org\/TransshippingExposed\">report<\/a> co-authored by Oceana.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9035\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9035\" style=\"width: 657px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Screen-Shot-2017-05-17-at-18.34.35.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9035\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Screen-Shot-2017-05-17-at-18.34.35.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"657\" height=\"606\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9035\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image credit: Oceana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In partnership with Google, non-profit digital mapping group SkyTruth and Global Fishing Watch, Oceana collected data on ships that collect catch from multiple fishing boats at sea and carry it to port, a process known as transshipping by tracing vessels\u2019 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) signals.<\/p>\n<p>The report tracked 90% of the world\u2019s largest reefers. Reefers participated in around 5,000 suspected transshipping incidents between 2012 and 2016, according to Oceana\u2019s report, with a further 86,000 \u201cpotential\u201d incidents recorded in the same period.<\/p>\n<p>AIS signals enable fisheries to identify and monitor transhipment patterns globally and expose what is a largely invisible practice. However, collecting comprehensive data on transhipping is problematic as vessels often turn off their AIS when they don\u2019t want to be detected.<\/p>\n<h2>Sovereignty question<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to the purchase of land, the Shandong BaoMa\u2019s project could include a free trade zone that opponents say would impact Uruguayan and Argentinian sovereignty over a stretch of the Rio de la Plata (a river and estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay and the Paran\u00e1 river) and limit their ability to regulate overfishing. Neither party has confirmed the inclusion of the free trade zone but the rumours have sparked fears in Uruguay.<\/p>\n<p>Uruguay XXI, the country\u2019s investment and export promotion agency offers <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy\/invest\/investment-incentives\/\">incentives<\/a> to investors backing the logistics sector, including tax-breaks and \u201cthe free circulation of goods without [the need for] authorisation or formal processes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Daniel Gilardoni, director of Uruguay\u2019s National Directorate of Aquatic Resources (DINARA), <a href=\"https:\/\/ladiaria.com.uy\/articulo\/2017\/1\/dinara-reclama-opinar-sobre-puerto-pesquero-chino-en-uruguay\/\">said<\/a>: \u201cDinara understands that foreign investment is important, but this cannot compromise the control that Uruguay should exercise over fleets that operate in the region.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hagamoseco.org\/petitions\/atlantico-sur-y-uruguay-s-o-s\">petition<\/a> opposing the Montevideo port hosted by Greenpeace\u2019s citizen campaign platform \u201cHagamos Eco\u201d (Let\u2019s Echo) had received over 5,000 signatures at the time of writing.<\/p>\n<p>While Chinese vessels account for around 40% of IUU fishing in the South Atlantic, South Korea (20%), Taiwan (20%), and Spain (15%) also have a heavy presence in the region, according to data collected by Schvartzman using\u00a0satellite images. The port would generate the same impact and controversy were it to come from any one of these four countries, which consistently disregard rules on conservation, he added.<\/p>\n<h2>China-Uruguay: A budding relationship<\/h2>\n<p>President V\u00e1zquez last year agreed to upgrade diplomatic ties with China to that of a \u201cstrategic integral partnership\u201d, a status already enjoyed by regional partners including Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador.<\/p>\n<p>China is the top destination for Uruguayan exports, which consist mainly of products such as soya, meat and wool, but also fish and milk and are worth some <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy\/informacion\/content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/07\/Informe-China-Julio-2016-Uruguay-XXI.pdf\">US$2.3 billion<\/a> annually. The two countries are also negotiating a free trade agreement. Tabar\u00e9 Aguerre, the Uruguayan minister responsible for fisheries and agriculture <a href=\"http:\/\/www.efe.com\/efe\/cono-sur\/economia\/uruguay-buscara-firmar-con-china-un-tratado-de-libre-comercio\/50000758-3065144\">travelled<\/a> with president Vazquez to Beijing for October\u2019s negotiations.<\/p>\n<p>But Uruguay aspires to become <em>the <\/em>financial and logistical entry point for China in Latin America, lower house president Jos\u00e9 Carlos Mah\u00eda, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lr21.com.uy\/politica\/1331342-uruguay-aspira-a-ser-la-puerta-de-entrada-de-la-republica-popular-china-en-america-latina\">said<\/a> at a recent high-level meeting with Chinese counterparts. The country of around 3.5 million inhabitants can provide a stable political environment for investments and a transport hub for trade in natural resources, he said.<\/p>\n<p>At the inaugural summit of China\u2019s major One Belt, One Road (OBOR) infrastructure development initiative in Beijing last week, Aguerre <a href=\"http:\/\/espanol.cri.cn\/2786\/2017\/05\/11\/1s409855.htm\">said<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf centuries ago the Silk Road was an overland trade route, the current Belt and Road initiative is a global informational proposal that breaks down barriers between countries and regions and offers a solution to many global problems.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em> attempted to contact Shangdong BaoMa for this article but could not reach the company for comment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conservationists concerned at Chinese project enabling long-distance fleets to prolong overfishing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50025070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[537,556,591],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,20000110,50002602],"class_list":["post-50009034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-ecosystems","tag-infrastructure","tag-shipping","country-argentina","country-china","country-uruguay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>New Uruguay port could lead to South Atlantic ecosystem collapse | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conservationists concerned at Chinese project enabling long-distance fleets to prolong overfishing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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