{"id":50009503,"date":"2017-08-18T19:00:18","date_gmt":"2017-08-18T18:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=9503"},"modified":"2023-01-25T12:20:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T12:20:26","slug":"9503-nicaragua-canal-becomes-governments-achilles-heel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/9503-nicaragua-canal-becomes-governments-achilles-heel\/","title":{"rendered":"Nicaragua Canal becomes government\u2019s \u2018Achilles heel\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In one sense, it doesn\u2019t matter if the potentially environmentally catastrophic 173-mile <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/nicaragua-canal-a-giant-project-with-huge-environmental-costs\/\">Nicaragua Grand Canal<\/a> goes ahead or not. The dubious constitutionality of the law enabling its construction and its adverse impacts on Nicaraguans\u2019 human rights are already being felt, irrespective of whether or not the delayed US$50 billion mega-project materialises.<\/p>\n<p>That is the message M\u00f3nica L\u00f3pez Baltodano, director of Nicaraguan NGO Fundaci\u00f3n Popol Na, gave Di\u00e1logo Chino in an interview at the organisation\u2019s office in the capital Managua.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople say; \u2018there\u2019s not even a canal, so what are you fighting for?\u2019\u201d L\u00f3pez Baltodano explains. Her response is that the very existence of the <a href=\"http:\/\/legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni\/SILEG\/Gacetas.nsf\/5eea6480fc3d3d90062576e300504635\/f1ecd8f640b8e6ce06257b8f005bae22\/$FILE\/Ley%20No.%20840.pdf\">canal law<\/a> (known as Law 840) means the government can legally stifle the right to challenge the project and expropriate land for it.<\/p>\n<p>As a direct consequence of Law 840, 119,000 people living along the canal route face uncertainty, harassment and intimidation from the government, police and army. From the outset, the government came accompanied by security forces \u201carmed to the teeth\u201d, as L\u00f3pez Baltodano says, to carry out a census of rural communities affected by the canal\u2019s construction. It has since denied them a meaningful consultation on its impacts, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>There has been media focus on the canal\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/04\/04\/world\/americas\/nicaragua-canal-chinese-tycoon.html\">lack of progress<\/a>. However, L\u00f3pez Baltodano says this fails to capture the main issue; that rights have been eroded since the project was announced in 2013.<\/p>\n<p>That year, the Nicaraguan government fast-tracked Law 840, granting Chinese telecoms impresario <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/wang-jings-canal-dream-and-the-people-behind-it\/\">Wang Jing<\/a> exclusive rights to build and operate the canal, potentially for over 100 years. From then on, L\u00f3pez Baltodano \u2013along with other human rights defenders- has exhaustively documented subsequent rights violations of Nicaraguan citizens.<\/p>\n<p>To mark the fourth anniversary of the canal concession, in June this year L\u00f3pez Baltodano released a book entitled \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/popolna.org\/presentacion-del-libro-la-entrega-pais-expediente-juridico-la-concesion-canalera-nicaragua\/\">Handing over a country: Legal implications of the Nicaragua Canal concession<\/a>\u201d. She describes the book as a compendium of legal documents, a register of marches (the 91<sup>st<\/sup> took place on August 15), petitions (an online \u201cSalva la Selva\u201d petition garnered over 80,000 signatures) and media reports relating to the canal. It also records the intransigence with which she claims the government has met the anti-canal campaign.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s not even a possibility of access to justice [in Nicaragua],\u201d Lopez Baltodano says, recalling the obstacles the joint campaign with rural community organisation the National Council for the Defense of our Land, Lake and Sovereignty, has faced trying to get the canal law <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/canal-law-trumps-all-others-in-nicaragua\/\">repealed<\/a>. Denied an audience at home, campaigners <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efe.com\/efe\/america\/sociedad\/denunciaran-al-estado-de-nicaragua-ante-la-cidh-por-el-proyecto-del-canal-interoceanico\/20000013-3336637\">announced<\/a> on July 26 that they would take the case to the supranational Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in Costa Rica capital San Jos\u00e9, as the IACHR has the power to order national governments that have submitted to its jurisdiction (as Nicaragua has) to comply with its rulings.<\/p>\n<p>But there have been IACHR rulings against Nicaragua before, and they have not always been respected. In 2001, the regional court <a href=\"http:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/docs\/casos\/articulos\/seriec_79_ing.pdf\">ordered<\/a> the Nicaraguan government (then led by the liberal president Arnoldo Alem\u00e1n) to legally recognise the Awas Tigni indigenous group\u2019s right to ancestral territory, upon which settlers from elsewhere in Nicaragua had unlawfully encroached. The ruling was reflected in national <a href=\"http:\/\/www.poderjudicial.gob.ni\/pjupload\/costacaribe\/pdf\/Ley_445.pdf\">Law 445<\/a> but it has yet to be fully implemented, meaning many indigenous groups across Nicaragua still have their territorial integrity <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2017\/mar\/01\/lush-heartlands-of-nicaragua-miskito-people-spark-deadly-land-disputes\">violated<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Given this precedent and the lack of due process afforded Nicaraguans, isn\u2019t L\u00f3pez Baltodano concerned the government would neglect to comply with any IACHR ruling? And in this instance, what would happen?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYes, it\u2019s a possibility. But just because there is no institutionalism, it does not mean citizens should not demand it,\u201d L\u00f3pez Baltodano replies. She explains that the point of her book, and its strategy to get Law 840 repealed, is two-fold: Firstly, the process of recording aggressions, campaigning, petitioning and the legal initiative means the government cannot later deny that rural communities and human rights defenders have tried to assert their rights through appropriate channels; secondly, it serves as an organising tool. The campaign has raised communities\u2019 awareness of their rights and has given huge momentum to social movements.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis was supposed to be the government\u2019s stellar project but it has become its Achilles heel,\u201d Lopez Baltodano says of the canal; \u201cit has generated a social force with a huge reach.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As a result, the new demands of this movement, though still relatively small in number, present a challenge to the status quo. Normally, political parties co-opt social movements then do little to advance their agendas, L\u00f3pez Baltodano says. This is true of ruling party the Frente Sandinista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional (FSLN) and other smaller parties that provide little effective opposition, she adds.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f3pez Baltodano says their legal actions and social movements have been \u201cvery significant\u201d in halting the canal. But she fears the measures the alliance of strong business interests and a politically wounded government will enact towards canal opponents.<\/p>\n<p>In Nicaragua, there is faith in the country\u2019s security apparatus after the 1980s Sandinista revolutionary government reformed its role following the overthrow of dictator Anastasio Somoza. As such, the country is nowhere near as dangerous for land and environmental rights activists as neighbouring <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/environmental-activists\/honduras-deadliest-country-world-environmental-activism\/\">Honduras<\/a>, where they have been killed in record numbers. Nevertheless, the right to peaceful protest and a proper consultation on the impacts of projects are in jeopardy following the \u201cextremely fast\u201d and \u201copaque\u201d approval of the canal law, as a new Amnesty International <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/amr43\/6515\/2017\/en\/\">report<\/a> also identified.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/aug\/08\/nicaragua-canal-protesters-are-in-a-minority\">letter<\/a> to UK newspaper the Guardian argued that the Amnesty International report did not take into account surveys indicating that opponents of the canal are a minority. It also argued that the history of foreign control over Nicaragua\u2019s economy and high levels of poverty mean that most of its citizens and trade unions believe it would generate local employment and much-needed benefits.<\/p>\n<p>In Nicaragua, the government <a href=\"https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/report\/freedom-press\/2016\/nicaragua\">controls<\/a> large parts of the media and this could play a part in shaping public opinion. L\u00f3pez Baltodano says this is a problem and that transmitting information contesting the government line is difficult, especially in communities with limited internet access or mobile phone signal, such as those affected by the canal. Nevertheless, independent media and social networks have played a relevant role in the effort to overcome this communication barrier, she says.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f3pez Baltodano disagrees with foreign powers interfering in national affairs. But she says anti-imperialist rhetoric in Nicaragua, understandably more common since the US supported <em>Contra<\/em> counterinsurgency against the Sandinistas in the 1980s, is now used to justify the canal. According to some sections of the left, investment from Russia or China is preferable as it represents counterweight to US power.<\/p>\n<p>Nicaragua does not currently have diplomatic relations with China. However, Central American countries including Costa Rica (2006) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-06-13\/panama-to-open-ties-with-china-in-blow-to-taiwan-report-says\">Panama<\/a> (June 2017), have established formal diplomatic ties, paving the way for a more comprehensive trade and investment relationship.<\/p>\n<p>Though the government frequently takes aim at the US, which recently <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telesurtv.net\/english\/news\/US-Debates-Sanctions-on-Nicaragua-for-Backing-Venezuela-20170726-0045.html\">advanced the process<\/a> of sanctioning Nicaragua for supporting Nicol\u00e1s Maduro\u2019s troubled regime in Venezuela, it is not always the focus of a perceived threat to sovereignty.<\/p>\n<p>Since the canal announcement, \u201cpeople say \u2018Chinese out!\u2019 just as they used to say \u2018Gringos out!\u2019\u201d Lopez Baltodano says. Regardless of any perception of predatory economic interests, Lopez Baltodano agrees that some of the infrastructure associated with the canal, such as the proposed deep-water port at the Caribbean town of Brito, might benefit the country economically provided they are done with a completely different legal agreement. Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Western hemisphere.<\/p>\n<p>But the point, L\u00f3pez Baltodano argues, is that all projects should be assessed on their own merits. They should not be approved sweepingly and without proper consultations nor without independent social, economic, and environmental feasibility studies. For this to happen, the canal law must be repealed, the government must hold proper bidding processes for each project (Wang Jing was the only bidder for the canal concession), carry out impact studies and apply relevant laws.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00f3pez Baltodano admits that maintaining the international legal challenge to the canal law is a huge task: \u201cWe\u2019ve opened up a box and it requires tremendous documentation throughout a wide extension of Nicaraguan territory. We don\u2019t have the means for it,\u201d she concedes. Despite some fatigue, she remains motivated: \u201cEveryone who\u2019s been part of this movement, and I mean rural communities too, realises that they\u2019re part of something really important.\u201d She adds that previously divided sections of society such as black and mestizo groups, or those from the country and the city, have united behind the campaign:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re part of a national awakening. This is going to have an impact on the country we can\u2019t yet measure\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Campaign against canal has sparked a human rights awakening, giving the government a dilemma<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50024510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[502,556],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002598],"class_list":["post-50009503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-activism","tag-infrastructure","country-nicaragua"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nicaragua Canal becomes government\u2019s \u2018Achilles heel\u2019 | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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