{"id":50010686,"date":"2018-03-02T12:58:05","date_gmt":"2018-03-02T12:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=10686"},"modified":"2019-02-21T14:28:17","modified_gmt":"2019-02-21T14:28:17","slug":"10686-closer-china-latin-america-ties-should-prompt-us-self-reflection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/10686-closer-china-latin-america-ties-should-prompt-us-self-reflection\/","title":{"rendered":"Closer China-Latin America ties should prompt US self-reflection"},"content":{"rendered":"

US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson\u2019s recent visit to five Latin American countries, which came just days after the\u00a0Second Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum<\/a>\u00a0in Chile\u2019s capital, has prompted analysts to question what Washington\u2019s response to China\u2019s growing presence in Latin America should look like.<\/p>\n

The idea of opposing Chinese influence, built on the premise that China is actively building \u201ca world that Latin Americans and others would not find desirable\u201d as US-based Latin America expert R. Evan Ellis wrote in\u00a0a recent article<\/a>, is fashionable. The Trump administration\u2019s National Defense Strategy goes as far as to use \u201cpredatory\u201d to describe China\u2019s approach to the region.<\/p>\n

However, instead of \u201ccountering\u201d Chinese advances in the region, what is needed is a better understanding of Beijing\u2019s intentions and impact, and a level-headed strategy of constructive engagement centered on Latin America itself, rather than on China.<\/p>\n

Several points are worth noting.\u00a0First, claims that what China is trying to build in Latin America is undesirable fly in the face of Beijing\u2019s proposed designs for the region (detailed in programmatic policy papers), which offer a blue-print for far-reaching developmental cooperation and address issues (including scientific advancement, physical integration, human security, and sustainable development) that the US has largely failed to prioritise and that Latin American countries badly need and want.<\/p>\n

Secondly, even today most of Latin America\u2014to the extent that it is\u00a0reliant on any one country<\/a>\u2014is more reliant on the US than China. This is rooted in the hemisphere\u2019s geography, history and the countries\u2019 cultural proximity. Furthermore, dependence is mutual.<\/p>\n

The majority of the region\u2019s foreign direct investment still comes from the US. Latin America constitutes almost 25% of total US trade and its producers export three times more to Latin America than to China. Mexico\u2019s economy, for example, is\u00a0thoroughly intertwined<\/a>\u00a0with that of the US. Washington\u2019s key ally in South America,\u00a0Colombia<\/a>, sells 33% of its goods by value to the US and received as much as US$10 billion in the past 15 years to fight drug production and trafficking. And there is another uncomfortable truth: the US is the largest buyer of crude oil from Venezuela, which accounts for almost a quarter of the Maduro regime\u2019s income.<\/p>\n

Fear mongering over China\u2019s presence in the region is also at odds with leading voices in the region. In response to Tillerson\u2019s comments, Peru\u2019s commerce secretary defended China as a \u201cgood partner\u201d for his country, and Alicia B\u00e1rcena, head of the United Nation\u2019s Economic Commission for Latin America (UN CEPAL) has invited more Chinese investment in the region. The US has been the region\u2019s most important partner. But in an era of American disinterest in the region, China\u2019s growing presence seems timely.<\/p>\n

More than at any point in recent history, the US discourse toward Latin America today displays a lack of self-reflection. Secretary Tillerson needlessly invoked the ghost of the\u00a0Monroe Doctrine<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 a 19th<\/sup>century foreign policy that pledged to defend newly independent nations in the Western Hemisphere from European colonial designs \u2013 while simultaneously wagging his finger at Latin America for opening its door to (implicitly imperialist) China.<\/p>\n

If former Secretary of State John Kerry\u2019s 2013\u00a0repudiation<\/a>\u00a0of the Doctrine cleared the way for a new kind of engagement with Latin America, the US\u2019 recent diplomatic missteps in the region have hurled us into a bygone era. To claim the Monroe Doctrine a \u201csuccess\u201d without critically examining the Doctrine\u2019s less savoury implications \u2013 it is charged with enabling US intervention in the internal affairs of various Latin American nations \u2013 is too selective. The 1973 coup d\u2019\u00e9tat in Chile and the US backed Contra war in Nicaragua are but a few of the Doctrine\u2019s controversial legacies.<\/p>\n

Though these may sound like distant historical references, these events transformed Latin American countries. To gloss over them is to cover-up or wilfully forget some problematic and sometimes ugly elements of the US\u2019 policy in the region.<\/p>\n

In contrast to the Monroe Doctrine, China\u2019s Latin America policy does not support covert operations or military interventionism. The emphasis on commerce and development is meant to be as useful to China as it is beneficial to its trading partners. Beijing does not offer an authoritarian model for sale. Nor has it the desire or ability to replace leaders it disagrees with outside its own territory.<\/p>\n

While it is true that Beijing has found itself in awkward situations in countries such as Ecuador due to the corruption that pervades big business and politics, and wishes it could extricate itself from the quagmire of Maduro\u2019s political machinations in Venezuela, there is little reason to believe that China\u2019s influence threatens Latin American democracies.<\/p>\n

That some in the US don\u2019t seem to trust Latin America in an empty room with China (i.e. the China-CELAC Forum) merely serves to drive the point home that the US at present would prefer to be the region\u2019s chaperone, rather than one among equals.\u00a0<\/i>Basing relations on that precept basically prohibits respectful cooperation between the two. Given this context, is it surprising that Peru\u2019s trade minister came out to\u00a0defend<\/a>\u00a0its trade relationship with China?<\/p>\n

China, too, could use some self-reflection. Though it has made impressive gains in the region, it has also made some unpopular choices and faces increasing criticism from Latin Americans themselves.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s appetite for commodities\u00a0threatens the Amazon<\/a>\u00a0basin and Peruvian hardwood forests. Energy-generating infrastructure projects in Ecuador and Argentina may be problematic environmentally and in terms of\u00a0financial obligations<\/a>. The Belt and Road Initiative that has come to frame almost all of China\u2019s overseas endeavours is much more ambitious than the \u201cno politics, strictly business\u201d maxim it carries.<\/p>\n

Carrying the banner of a developing country, China seems oblivious to fears (already surfacing in parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia) that its actions can be interpreted as neocolonialist. China\u2019s offers, as the Secretary of State said, can indeed come at a price\u2014as can those of any major power<\/p>\n

For decades, the US has championed the benefits of competition, free markets, and financial gain. None of these are laws of nature, but they are the prevailing ideas of the modern economy. So if China is setting up in territory where the US has long held sway, the US should review its product and brand \u2013 and compete.<\/p>\n

There is no denying that China\u2019s growing engagement with Latin America, like any unforeseen shock, has upset the regional balance, and poses a serious challenge to US leadership in the region. However, the previous balance was arguably far from ideal, and needed recalibration. Right now, it seems Latin America could find the appropriate balance by welcoming and engaging with both the US and China.<\/p>\n

Scholars in China are actively exploring Latin America\u2019s post-hegemonic scenario: a Latin America that is \u201cnobody\u2019s backyard.\u201d This message resonates with many Latin Americans for one simple reason: it recognises (and seemingly attributes importance to) the concept of a self-supporting Latin America that doesn\u2019t need to rely on outside powers. If the US wishes to remain a relevant actor and regional leader, it too must recognise the unique appeal of this ideal.<\/p>\n

The mere insinuation of military conflict between China and the US, which would imply a war between two nuclear powers, should be enough to freeze that line of thought. Rather than rushing to oppose Chinese inroads in the region, the US should seize the opportunity to critically examine its approach to Latin America and rethink the status quo in the Western Hemisphere.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s proposals have many merits, and the US could demonstrate greatness not by hampering other\u2019s efforts at engaging with the region, but by engaging the region\u2019s members, and China too, in order to construct an economically, socially, politically, and environmentally responsible future for the hemisphere.<\/p>\n

Editor\u2019s note: This is an edited version of an article originally published by\u00a0<\/em>the Global Americans<\/em><\/a>\u00a0in response to an article that appeared earlier on the site entitled, \u201cIt\u2019s time to think strategically about countering Chinese advances in Latin America\u201d by R. Evan Ellis. The views expressed in this work, as with the original work, are solely of the authors.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Warnings about China\u2019s regional influence show the flawed US approach to development cooperation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50023745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[50040720,600,13817],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,20000110,50002594,50002601,50040700,50002604],"class_list":["post-50010686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-geopolitics","tag-trade","tag-us-china","country-argentina","country-china","country-ecuador","country-peru","country-united-states-of-america","country-venezuela"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCloser China-Latin America ties should prompt US self-reflection | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Warnings about China\u2019s regional influence show the flawed US approach to development 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