{"id":50011354,"date":"2018-07-12T14:32:18","date_gmt":"2018-07-12T13:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=11354"},"modified":"2026-05-29T17:14:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T16:14:58","slug":"11354-colombia-megadam-collapse-highlights-need-for-comprehensive-standards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/11354-colombia-megadam-collapse-highlights-need-for-comprehensive-standards\/","title":{"rendered":"Colombia megadam collapse highlights need for comprehensive standards"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the beleaguered field of multilateral development banks, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has one of the stronger reputations among borrowers and the local communities they serve.\u00a0 This summer that reputation took a major blow after the Ituango dam in Colombia\u2019s northern Antioquia province failed, prompting the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/colombiareports.com\/how-mother-nature-seems-against-colombias-embattled-dam\/\">evacuation<\/a>\u00a0of 25,000 people and endangering at least a dozen downstream communities.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en-gb\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"es\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/Lo%C3%9Altimo?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Lo\u00daltimo<\/a> Video capta el momento exacto de la emergencia en otro<br \/>\nt\u00fanel de Hidroituango <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/9W2Qp1Vkgv\">pic.twitter.com\/9W2Qp1Vkgv<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Noticias Caracol (@NCAntioquia) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NCAntioquia\/status\/996817924504637441?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">16 May 2018<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>While the outrage has largely focused on the IDB, the project was actually financed by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.idbinvest.org\/\">IDB Invest<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 an investment bank legally independent of the IDB but linked to the IDB\u2019s balance sheet \u2013 and the China Co-Financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean, which IDB Invest administers.<\/p>\n<p>This near-catastrophe shows that it is crucial that the IDB\u2019s safeguards, which are designed to protect communities from the impacts of projects and are generally regarded as strong, are applied to\u00a0<em>all\u00a0<\/em>the bank\u2019s finances. Moreover, financial partners and borrowing countries should always do their own due diligence in case another party doesn\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p>Whereas the IDB traditionally lends to foreign governments, IDB Invest was created to bet on the private sector in Latin America.\u00a0 IDB President Luis Alberto Moreno\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iic.org\/en\/media\/news\/inter-american-development-bank-group-rebrands-its-private-sector-arm-idb-invest#.WyQYtS_Mxbh\">declared<\/a>\u00a0on launching the new office: \u201cIf you have a bold idea, talk to us. If you want to push into underserved markets, give us a call. And if you are the kind of company that takes big risks in areas like energy, transportation or agribusiness, then we are the partner you want at your side.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>When finished, Hidroituango will have an installed capacity of 2,400MW, making it Colombia\u2019s first megadam<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Unfortunately, rather than raising the level of risk mitigation to match these higher risk projects, it is not clear that IDB Invest adequately applied its parent institution\u2019s safeguards.<\/p>\n<h2>Showcase megadam<\/h2>\n<p>The Ituango dam (commonly known as Hidroituango) was to be a showcase for these new partnerships. It was product of a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/consultation.idbinvest.org\/en\/media\/news\/idb-invest-signs-largest-renewable-energy-project-colombia#.WyQoNi_Mxbg\">collaboration<\/a>\u00a0between the IDB Group, the IDB Invest-administered China Co-Financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean, and international commercial banks and institutional investors.\u00a0 By \u2018blending\u2019 such a wide array of investors, IDB Invest was able to attract a total of US$1 billion in financing. The project is ambitious. When finished, Hidroituango will have an installed capacity of 2,400MW, making it Colombia\u2019s first megadam.<\/p>\n<p>Hidroituango also carries symbolic importance as a step forward into\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/china-and-colombia-building-the-peace\/\">post-peace deal Colombia<\/a>. The town of Ituango was an important\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noticiasrcn.com\/nacional-dialogos-paz\/lo-hizo-las-farc-ituango-un-crimen-guerra-gobierno\">battleground<\/a>\u00a0in the nation\u2019s near 60-year civil war, with the guerrilla group FARC\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semana.com\/enfoque\/articulo\/las-farc-bomba-ituango\/95649-3\">attacking it<\/a>\u00a0and later\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elcolombiano.com\/colombia\/farc-ahora-piden-cuota-voluntaria-en-ituango-EA4354071\">taking it over.<\/a>\u00a0 In 2016, Ituango was one of 20 sites where FARC fighters\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-37472891\">gathered to disarm<\/a>\u00a0after decades of internal conflict that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/caracol.com.co\/radio\/2013\/11\/19\/nacional\/1384861380_019212.html\">destroyed<\/a>\u00a0much of the country\u2019s infrastructure. Now it is to be the site of the nation\u2019s largest hydroelectric dam, generating electricity for a country moving tentatively towards peace.<\/p>\n<p>However, the dam was not universally accepted. In 2013, the FARC and another leftwing guerrilla group the National Liberation Army (ELN), signed a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wradio.com.co\/noticias\/actualidad\/farc-y-eln-firmaron-acuerdo-contra-proyecto-hidroelectrico-ituango\/20130218\/nota\/1844199.aspx\">joint agreement<\/a>\u00a0committing to oppose the project. The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/consultation.idbinvest.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/esrs_ituango_eng.pdf\">plans<\/a>\u00a0called for the compensation of 474 displaced households through a \u201crestitution of living standards\u201d scheme. As required by the existing safeguards of the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC, which was the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iadb.org\/en\/news\/news-releases\/2017-11-03\/idb-group-rebrands-its-private-sector-arm-idb-invest%2C11938.html\">first iteration<\/a>\u00a0of IDB Invest), the contractor Empresas P\u00fablicas de Medell\u00edn (EPM) held community consultations in affected communities, though only a minority of those affected participated.<\/p>\n<h2>Complaints<\/h2>\n<p>Since the dam collapse, community members in eight of the 12 affected towns have filed an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iadb.org\/en\/mici\/request-detail-iic,19959.html?ID=MICI-%20CII-CO-2018-0133\">official complaint<\/a>\u00a0through the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM) that serves both the IDB and IDB Invest, alleging two major deficiencies in the dam\u2019s plans.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, they claim that the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the project was not subjected to sufficient public consultation and, secondly, that it lacked the required cumulative-impact approach, which considers the incremental effects of past, present and forseeable future actions. This might have signaled the cascading effects of natural or man-made disaster risks on the stability of the dam and alerted to the dangers posed to the environment and to communities living downriver.<\/p>\n<p>The disaster has revealed important details about which safeguards are applicable to IDB Invest\u2019s project and who enforces them. The IDB Invest states that it follows the IDB safeguards but that it does so at its own discretion and with its own team. The issue is whether the IDB Invest safeguard team adequately applied them.<\/p>\n<p>It is crucial for the ICIM investigation to determine whether the IDB Invest team adequately adhered to disaster risk management analysis and if IDB Invest continued to provide technical oversight and support throughout the process. If this were a fully-fledged IDB project, the IDB safeguards unit would have had a detailed disaster risk rating and management plan that included oversight and support throughout.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, disaster was averted because of the IIC\/ IDB Invest\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iic.org\/environmental-and-social-sustainability-policy.pdf\">safeguards<\/a>\u00a0that\u00a0<em>were\u00a0<\/em>met: IDB Invest\u00a0<em>did<\/em>\u00a0adequately apply a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.iic.org\/sites\/default\/files\/disclosures\/cap_09_eia_ituango.pdf\">contingency plan<\/a>\u00a0specifying disaster warning and evacuation systems that were carried out\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-44302566\">swiftly<\/a>. The Colombian government also played an important role in avoiding loss of life, through\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/portal.anla.gov.co\/sites\/default\/files\/res_0820_01062018.pdf\">executing<\/a>\u00a0its own contingency plan.<\/p>\n<h2>Learning lessons<\/h2>\n<p>This Hidroituango case highlights two important lessons. First, if the IDB wants to protect its reputation and its borrowers then it should require entities with links the IDB\u2014such as IDB Invest and its joint fund with China \u2014to apply the same standards as it does itself.\u00a0 By applying due diligence and technical oversight throughout a project, development banks are supposed go beyond other financiers and ensure the quality of a project.<\/p>\n<p>Second, given that accidents can happen with mega-dams no matter how high standards are, each actor in jointly financed project needs to do their own due diligence. As the investors in the Ituango dam have learned, passing the buck to other parties can be costly in terms of local livelihoods, delivering a project on time, the environment, and the reputation of the IDB and its offshoots.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/development-banks-in-the-andean-amazon\/\">recent study<\/a>\u00a0on development banks in the Andean Amazon by Boston University\u2019s Global Development Policy Center recommends \u2018mutually reinforcing\u2019 environmental and social risk management systems. These aim to provide each partner involved in a project with more complete information on a project\u2019s risks and rewards. This is not always clear since parties in co-financed projects often have a different rationale for being part of a project and its risk profile will be different.<\/p>\n<p>Development banks are right to encourage their Chinese counterparts and the private sector to meet the mammoth energy and infrastructure gaps across the world because infrastructure can bring multiple benefits. But they also bring new risks. If those risks are not properly anticipated and mitigated against, they can outweigh the benefits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Development banks must learn from the Hidroituango disaster and share information on risks<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000334,"featured_media":60135466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[50040314,554,556],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000025],"class_list":["post-50011354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-dams","tag-hydropower","tag-infrastructure","country-colombia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Colombia megadam collapse highlights need for comprehensive standards | Dialogue 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