{"id":50011597,"date":"2018-09-07T19:37:41","date_gmt":"2018-09-07T18:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=11597"},"modified":"2020-03-06T10:39:43","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T10:39:43","slug":"11589-costa-rica-endorses-chinas-mega-infrastructure-initiative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/11589-costa-rica-endorses-chinas-mega-infrastructure-initiative\/","title":{"rendered":"Costa Rica endorses China\u2019s mega infrastructure initiative"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Costa Rica pledged to promote China\u2019s Belt and Road infrastructure initiative (BRI) on September 3 with the signing of a memorandum of understanding by vice-president and foreign minister, Epsy Campbell and Tang Heng, China\u2019s ambassador in the capital San Jos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>The Central American country is the second to sign a BRI agreement with China after\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/laestrella.com.pa\/economia\/panama-piedra-angular-para-ruta-seda\/24067482\">Panama<\/a>, in June last year. The move could encourage more countries in the region to join the ambitious trade corridor, analysts said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEl Salvador has recently joined as one of the countries that recognise \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-china-38285354\">One China<\/a>\u2019, and it will happen sooner or later with the rest of the countries,\u201d international trade consultant Fabio Piedra told\u00a0<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In Central America, they are interested in asserting power in the area of their potential rival, the US<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Chinese President Xi Jinping launched BRI in 2013 with the promise of revolutionising global trade through infrastructure projects in Eurasia, Africa and now in Latin America.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/chinas-belt-and-road-lands-in-latin-america\/\">Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, and Bolivia<\/a>\u00a0have already signed agreements under the BRI banner.<\/p>\n<p>Chinese companies have already established 82 \u2018economic and commercial cooperation\u2019 zones\u2019 in countries supportive of the BRI, with investment of US$29 billion and the creation of 244,000 jobs, according to a press release issued in advance of the event.<\/p>\n<p>Tang declared the initiative to be a new paradigm for international cooperation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis initiative stands out for its qualities of openness, transparency and inclusion. It is not a geopolitical strategy tool in any sense, nor does it seek to set up exclusive clubs or to pursue a sphere of influence. All countries willing to participate will be equal partners\u201d, he said during the signing ceremony.<\/p>\n<p>However, Constantino Urcuyo, an expert on international cooperation from the University of Costa Rica (UCR), said that China is waging a political battle to expand its global power through diplomatic channels.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn Central America, they are interested in asserting power in the area of their potential rival, the US,\u201d he told Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/p>\n<p>BRI also stands accused of being a vehicle for China to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/26280f16-9a53-11e8-9702-5946bae86e6d\">dump its surplus industrial capacity<\/a>\u00a0in developing countries and of supporting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/environment\/china-belt-and-road-initiative-silk-route-cost-environment-damage-a8354256.html\">environmentally harmful projects<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What are the benefits for Costa Rica?<\/h2>\n<p>Many BRI projects are financed by the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/brics-bank-and-aiib-new-players-same-old-game\/\">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank<\/a>\u00a0(AIIB) and Costa could yet benefit from funding as the new multilateral institution\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/latamcaribbean\/2018\/04\/27\/the-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-comes-knocking-on-latin-americas-door-is-anyone-home\/\">looks to extend lending to Latin America<\/a>. However, China Development Bank and China Exim Bank \u2013 two state-run \u2018policy banks\u2019 \u2013 lend amounts for infrastructure to the region and it is not always clear which banks finance BRI or non-BRI projects.<\/p>\n<p>China announced that it would\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.larepublica.net\/noticia\/ruta-de-la-seda-facilitaria-relacion-comercial-con-china\">inject $8.7 billion<\/a>\u00a0in aid for new countries that join the initiative.<\/p>\n<p>Ambassador Tang told Di\u00e1logo Chino, there are several funding tools under the BRI framework, but still no precise figure on aid to Costa Rica. Campbell said Costa Rica is considering whether to accept contributions from the AIIB for infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a possibility that may open up, and we are assessing everything, along with our entire country\u2019s portfolio. As long as this partner [China] offers us better conditions than the others, we will then utilise the framework of the Belt and Road to finance some projects,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>However, the International Monetary Fund (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elfinancierocr.com\/economia-y-politica\/las-rutas-de-la-seda-criticadas-por-favorecer\/CCJAGLHTPRBQJPOBQZONKQZB24\/story\/\">IMF<\/a>) has expressed concern about the initiative because of the possibility of indebtedness and the risk of non-payment, as happened in some countries such as Sri Lanka, Mongolia and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2016\/10\/13\/cpec-and-major-unanswered-questions\/\">Pakistan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Piedra played down the risk of this happening to Costa Rica, saying it would benefit from financial assistance from a Chinese bank, providing it is long-term.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe all had to go to a bank to finance our first home. It is a risk that we are willing to take \u2013 and we have a friend to count on,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<h2>China-Costa Rica relations<\/h2>\n<p>Costa Rica established diplomatic relations with China in 2007. Over the past eleven years, relations have focused mainly on the construction of specific infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n<p>However, a shelved project to modernise and expand an oil refinery in Mo\u00edn, in the southern province of Lim\u00f3n, has strained relations.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, the Comptroller General of Costa Rica highlighted a conflict of interest in the project\u2019s feasibility studies given that they were undertaken by a subsidiary of the Chinese partner. The dispute arose in April 2016 when the Costa Rican Petroleum Refinery (Recope) Board of Directors decided to dissolve the Chinese-Costa Rican Reconstruction Corporation (Soresco).<\/p>\n<p>Recope and Chinese partner the China National Petroleum Corporation International (CNPCI) are presently in arbitration at the International Chamber of Commerce in London.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nacion.com\/el-pais\/infraestructura\/pleito-con-chinos-por-fallida-refineria-podria\/BJD4JJ3NYVDA3OGJH6Y6O4TIY4\/story\/\">According to reports<\/a>, the hearing may last until the middle of next year.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This small country can be a very good ally in climate matters, conservation projects and general well-being. Costa Rica can contribute enormously to China\u2019s green development strategy<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But according to Campbell, the past has lessons in how to resolve future disputes more efficiently:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeyond contemplating specific projects at this particular time, this agreement allows us to begin to examine what are the real alternatives that will be of benefit to the country, and to think about them from a long-term perspective rather than an immediate one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tang agreed and said it is \u201cnormal\u201d for some commercial projects to fail: \u201cWe are going to resolve this international arbitration as soon as possible. It is important that we now look to the future. In this case, we now have the experience to lay the groundwork before commencing a project in Costa Rica,\u201d the diplomat said.<\/p>\n<p>Piedra said that the priority with China will be to attract investments that commit to protecting the environment, while moving away from polluting industries.<\/p>\n<p>In less than three decades, the small country sandwiched between Panama and Nicaragua experienced a drastic change in mentality and environmental policy.\u00a0 In 1987, only 21% of Costa Rica\u2019s territory was protected by forest cover. Today, that number includes more than half of its territory.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/costa-ricas-green-future-overshadowed-by-rights-debate\/\">Successive governments<\/a>\u00a0have embraced progressive environmental policies that included payment mechanisms for environmental services. New president Carlos Alvarado Quesada has now\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/energy-and-environment\/2018\/7\/17\/17568190\/costa-rica-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels-transportation\">pledged<\/a>\u00a0to make Costa Rica the first carbon-neutral country by 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Piedra believes that partnering with China has mutual environmental benefits:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis small country can be a very good ally in climate matters, conservation projects and general well-being. Costa Rica can contribute enormously to China\u2019s green development strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New agreement could unlock project finance, but have the two partners learned from past disputes? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50021865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[510,544,556],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50000023],"class_list":["post-50011597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-china-in-the-world","tag-finance","tag-infrastructure","country-china","country-costa-rica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Costa Rica endorses China\u2019s mega infrastructure initiative 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