{"id":50012194,"date":"2018-11-02T16:59:25","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T16:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=12194"},"modified":"2023-01-26T11:35:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T11:35:45","slug":"12194-argentinas-seed-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/12194-argentinas-seed-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Argentina\u2019s seed war"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The question of who, if anyone, should own the seeds that grow into vital sustenance for the world\u2019s expanding population is a highly contentious one.<\/p>\n<p>In Argentina, Congress is debating a seed law that would stregthen intellectual property rights for agricultural producers. Meanwhile, a movement that seeks free access to,\u00a0and sharing of, traditional knowledge is growing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/argentinas-seed-war\/bioleft.org\">Bioleft<\/a>\u00a0is a new initiative that launched with the symbolic exchange of a variety of clover. The project encourages the transfer of seeds under an \u201copen source\u201d license \u2013 meaning they are free to use and develop, but that resulting innovations may not be copyrighted. It also offers a web platform that records the characteristics of the seeds transferred, which other producers may then use.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is an initiative that aims to protect germplasm from the patent system,\u201d says Anabel Mar\u00edn, a project leader and researcher at the Research Centre for Transformation (Cenit-Conicet) in the capital Buenos Aires.<\/p>\n<p>According to the organisation\u2019s website, it promotes food sovereignty, technological autonomy and social, economic and ecological diversity.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/j3Eai65MpA0\" width=\"700\" height=\"415\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The project borrows from computing, where mega-corporations developed rights-protected programmes that enabled them to dominate the industry.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/opensource.org\/licenses\">Open source<\/a>\u00a0software emerged as a response. Under the terms of open source licences, programmers can freely copy, develop and improve programs.<\/p>\n<p>For seeds, \u201cimprovements\u201d are key. The challenge is to develop varieties that are compatible with certain soils and meteorological conditions. Historically, growers made improvements using traditional methods \u2013 crossing seed varieties and managing the hybrids \u2013 rather than with genetic modification in a laboratory.<\/p>\n<p>Bioleft challenges multinationals\u2019 seed packages that use ever increasing quantities of agrochemicals, with often dire health and environmental consequences.<\/p>\n<p>According to Mar\u00edn, Bioleft is the opposite of the patent system, which \u201cblocks and jeopardises seed innovation\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The idea of a participatory platform that recorded seed exchanges emerged as the group contacted interested parties. The project had initial funding from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/steps-centre.org\/\">Steps Centre<\/a>, based at the University of Sussex in the UK.<\/p>\n<p>Many breeders began to see that they could gather information on how seeds perform with different uses. Mar\u00edn says this is normally very difficult without the large testing infrastructure that commercial companies have.<\/p>\n<h2>Counter-movement<\/h2>\n<p>Gustavo Schrauf, from the Universtity of Buenos Aires\u2019 faculty of agronomy, also became involved in the project:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is a global phenomenon of concentration [of resources] that is brutal,\u201d he says, adding that only a small cluster of companies \u2013 the now merged Bayer and Monsanto, Dow and Dupont, Nidera and Syngenta \u2013 own 60% of the world\u2019s seeds. Some environmentalists claim the proportion is even higher.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We seek to be a counter-initiative. Bioleft is an alternative for the flow of genetic materials, so as not to stop the improvement of materials<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>State-owned ChemChina\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/9212-ChemChina-Syngenta-deal-why-it-matters\">acquired<\/a>\u00a0Swiss biotechnology company in 2016 for US$43 billion, the largest aqusition ever by a Chinese firm. Syngenta had a number of assets in Argentina and neighbouring Brazil.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf Argentina liberalises seed production with a change in the law, it will take away its [right to] use for the producer and it will give more power to the seed companies,\u201d Schrauf says. This means they will then make all the decisions of what, how and when to sow.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe seek to be a counter-initiative. Bioleft is an alternative for the flow of genetic materials, so as not to stop the improvement of materials,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Still in the prototype phase, Bioleft\u2019s potential has aroused interest from Argentina\u2019s science secretariat. A number of organic movements, family run and biodynamic farms are already on board.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt uses a logic that we indigenous peoples have been proposing for a long time,\u201d says Jorge \u00d1ancucheo, a member of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/onpia.argentina\">National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Argentina<\/a>\u00a0(ONPIA).<\/p>\n<p>According to \u00d1ancucheo: \u201cKnowledge is ancestral and therefore it should not be patented. The great variety of corn throughout the Americas is countless, from Honduras and El Salvador to Mexico, from the north of Argentina to Bolivia and Peru. Nobody registered it because we believe it is logical for everyone to have varied food.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Speaking to\u00a0<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>\u00a0on the phone from Tucum\u00e1n province in northern Argentina, which is seeing high growth in the production of cayote (a type of gourd), corn and squash, \u00d1ancucheo says: \u201cNow, multinationals have appropriated the knowledge and genes of seeds.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00d1ancucheo expressed his support for Bioleft on behalf of the 650 communities that make up ONPIA and which oppose the new seed law. \u00d1ancucheo participated in a national meeting in September in San Pedro de Colalao, Tucuman. There was representation from agricultrual producers from almost all the provinces in which Bioleft is seeking to work.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is a step towards food sovereignty,\u201d he enthuses.<\/p>\n<h2>Seed laws<\/h2>\n<p>Edgardo Gonz\u00e1lez, chair of agrarian law at the National University of La Plata, says Bioleft has its benefits but is nothing groundbreaking.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s interesting, what it does is comply with the current seed law. It does not offer a new one,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>According to Gonz\u00e1lez, the current 1973 seed law (known as law\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/normativa\/ley-20247-34822\">20,247)<\/a> is ineffective because the biotechnology and agriculture industry regularly flouts it. Article 27, for example, notes the exchange of seeds without paying for use, and without patent rights, which big corporations often demand. \u201cThis project is good, it is interesting, but the problem is that it sells smoke and mirrors,\u201d he says, referring to Bioleft\u2019s purported challenge to existing laws.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe current seed law is not modified because it already does what it wants, intellectual property payment contracts are signed, companies carry out advertising for something illegal,\u201d he says. \u201cSometimes they need the regulatory framework, but sometimes they do not.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Gonz\u00e0lez agrees that a variety of seeds should be promoted, something that has not been carried out under the current law. Nor do many producers have storage banks\u00a0for seeds, owing to the practicality and costs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt would be interesting to recover that culture [to store seeds for subsequent plantings]. Today the producer goes to the consignee who is the one who tells him which seed suits him and the producer does not know what he is planting, except in some cases,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Monica Witthaus, a lawyer who specialises in intellectual property says: \u201cThe comparison with creative commons and open source software sounds good. Somehow they [Bioleft] fill a gap between the laws of intellectual property and the illegal. Is it legally viable to put into practice? It depends on how the contracts are implemented and verified.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While there are the legal intricacies, the bigger debate about the power of the agriculture multinationals versus small producers and the long-term sustainability wages on. For the latter, the fight is for food sovereignty in the face of monopolies that commercialise seed and push food prices up.<\/p>\n<p>State agricultural agencies, biotechnology companies and seed and producer associations contacted by\u00a0<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>\u00a0declined to comment, or did not respond to requests to contribute to this story.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A rural movement that pits shared knowledge against copyrights is growing in rural Argentina<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50020126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763,50039900],"tags":[50040317,546],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020],"class_list":["post-50012194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","category-justice","tag-farming","tag-food-security","country-argentina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Argentina\u2019s seed war | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A rural movement that pits shared knowledge against copyrights is growing in rural Argentina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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