{"id":50023713,"date":"2019-02-20T23:36:53","date_gmt":"2019-02-20T23:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=23713"},"modified":"2023-03-12T22:09:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T22:09:03","slug":"23572-the-controversial-referendum-to-revive-bolivias-rositas-dam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/23572-the-controversial-referendum-to-revive-bolivias-rositas-dam\/","title":{"rendered":"The controversial referendum to revive Bolivia\u2019s Rositas dam"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Bolivian government wants to build a hydroelectric plant in the east of the country that it claims will lessen its dependence on fossil fuels whilst guaranteeing energy and water supplies.<\/p>\n

On December 31, President Evo Morales proposed a referendum to revive the Rositas<\/a> project, which would displace communities in the department of Santa Cruz. Ever since, conflict has threatened to escalate.<\/p>\n

Controversial project<\/h2>\n

Generating energy is a priority for Santa Cruz. With 3.2 million inhabitants, it is Bolivia\u2019s most populous department and faces growing demand.<\/p>\n

The Rositas project, promoted by the national government and implemented by the state-owned ENDE<\/a> Corporation (National Electricity Corporation), would have serious impacts. These include the resettlement of at least 12 nearby communities that live off dairy farming and agriculture.<\/p>\n

For the past three years, these 500 families have voiced fears about having to leave the homes they have occupied for 40 years.<\/p>\n

For Morales, Rositas \u2013 a project originally conceived in the 1970s \u2013 remains a priority.<\/p>\n

In 2016, the government awarded the contract to construct the dam to the AAR<\/a> Consortium (Asociaci\u00f3n Accidental Rositas), part of the state-owned China Three<\/a> Gorges Corporation, along with its subsidiary China<\/a> International Water & Electric and the Bolivian construction company, Reedco<\/a> S.R.L. The project\u2019s total cost is US$1.3 billion, 85% of which will be financed by the Chinese state-owned <\/a>Eximbank<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
The Rositas project was signed between Bolivia's national energy agency ENDE and the Chinese-led consortium AAR (image: ENDE)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

On several occasions, Morales has reiterated the importance of the dam and warned it could divert resources for Rositas to other departments if it doesn\u2019t go ahead.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf there are some families that oppose it, why not hold a referendum and ask the department whether or not it should be done?\u201d Morales said in departmental capital Santa Cruz de la Sierra.<\/p>\n

Local communities immediately rejected the proposal.<\/p>\n

\u201cA referendum has no role in a matter like this. They had ample opportunity to hold free, prior and informed consultations. A referendum does not make sense, as it is private property,\u201d said Benigno Barrientos, a representative of Moroco, one of the 12 affected communities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey have only spoken about the benefits of energy. They want to guarantee water for consumption in Santa Cruz and water for irrigation, but they don\u2019t talk about the damage that the project will cause, nor do they talk about compensation,\u201d said Jos\u00e9 Luis Sandoval, president of the Land and Territory Defence Committee, a community organisation set up by affected communities.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are rejecting it because of its lack of transparency.\u201d<\/p>\n

Communities against Rositas<\/h2>\n

The Rositas project is designed to generate some 600 megawatts (MW) of energy. Bolivia\u2019s current grid capacity is 1400MW, of which it consumes 1200MW.<\/p>\n

\n

3000<\/p>\n

\n
\nmegawatts Bolivia plans to generate as part of Evo Morales' 2025 Patriotic Agenda
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

However, the project has even greater ambitions. It is an integral part of Morales\u2019 2025 Patriotic Agenda, a plan to turn Bolivia into a regional energy hub<\/a> that can generate 3000MW, exporting that not used in Bolivia to Argentina and Brazil.<\/p>\n

Slated for construction 140 kilometres from the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Rositas would be the first of seven hydroelectric dams in the R\u00edo Grande basin. The source of the Rio Grande lies in the centre of the country and flows into the Amazon to the north.<\/p>\n

According to former Energy Minister Luis Alberto S\u00e1nchez, beyond generating energy the dam would irrigate 164,000 hectares of agricultural land, supply drinking water to Santa Cruz and reduce the risk of flooding downstream.<\/p>\n

So far, neither ENDE nor the government has released information on the potential impact of the project. However, a study by the NGO Fundaci\u00f3n Sol\u00f3n identifies a 452-square kilometre affected area that straddles five municipalities: Guti\u00e9rrez and Cabezas in the Cordillera province, Postrervalle and Vallegrande in Santa Cruz\u2019s Vallegrande province, and Villa Vaca Guzm\u00e1n in the neighbouring department of Chuquisaca.<\/p>\n

Farming communities initially became concerned in 2012 when an initial feasibility study showed a 45,000 hectare area that would be subject to flooding.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
The Guaran\u00ed of Yumao are one of three indigenous communities insisting there was no prior consultation on the project (image: Suceth Rodr\u00edguez)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

They also fear the loss of existing infrastructure, including schools, roads, and power lines. A 38 million boliviano (US$5.5 million) bridge over<\/a> the R\u00edo Grande, which is almost operational, is located in the area to be flooded, according to NGO Probioma<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The bridge joins the municipalities of Vallegrande and Guti\u00e9rrez and has been promoted by the Bolivian Roads Authority<\/a> as a means of transporting products such as corn, potatoes, peanuts, and other vegetables to markets in Santa Cruz, Bolivia\u2019s second city.<\/p>\n

In December 2016, at a gathering in the indigenous community of Tatarenda Nuevo, the Committee for the Defence of Land and Territory of Communities Affected by the Rositas Project voted to reject construction of the project owing to its impacts.<\/p>\n

They say there has been no free, prior and informed consultation on the project, as mandated by Bolivia\u2019s Constitution<\/a> and the International Labour Organization\u2019s (ILO) Convention 169<\/a> on indigenous people, which Bolivia has ratified. Three of the affected communities are indigenous Guaran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Faced with what they describe as unresponsiveness to requests for information on Rositas\u2019 impacts and alternatives, in May 2017, the Committee decided not to attend any further gatherings related to the project.<\/p>\n

From that moment, the communities\u2019 struggle became a legal matter. In March 2018, the Guaran\u00ed communities of Tatarenda Nuevo and Yumao took them to court for violating their rights.<\/p>\n

After going through three different courts, a judge ruled against the complaint, arguing; \u201cthe plaintiffs cannot be considered affected when there are no regulations, or an active project, nor can they claim to be affected until studies are concluded that must be carried out by ENDE prior to the consultation\u201d.<\/p>\n

No referendum should deal with something that is illegal<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The studies are not publicly available, nor have they been completed.<\/p>\n

The first, a final design study that establishes the affected area, was carried out by the company Eptisa, but to date, it has not been published. The status of the second, the environmental impact assessment, is uncertain despite ENDE subsidiary Corani S.A. winning the contract to carry it out in August 2017.<\/p>\n

Finally, the study for the irrigation<\/a> project involving 165,000 hectares of agricultural land was awarded in January 2018 to Spanish consortium Inclam S.A. for US$2.4 million with funds from the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF). It is expected later this month.<\/p>\n

Indigenous communities say the courts did not take into account documents substantiating how they would be affected by the flooding and their \u201cinvoluntary re-settlement\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
Benigno Barrientos and members of 12 rural communities fear losing their crops and their livelihoods (image: Miriam Telma Jemio)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Environmentalists are also worried about the project\u2019s impact on the humid forests of the R\u00edo Grande basin. The affected area encompasses three protected areas: the I\u00f1ao National Park; the R\u00edo Grande Integrated Area\u2013 Valles Cruce\u00f1os; and the Paraban\u00f3 Municipal Protected Area.<\/p>\n

\u201cProtected areas are enshrined in the Constitution and there are other regulations that forbid activities being carried out,\u201d said environmental researcher Cecilia Requena, co-author of the book \u2018Bolivia in a 4-degree warmer world\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo referendum should deal with something that is illegal. That is, carrying out infrastructural work or any public work that affects the function for which it has been created,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n

Cleaner energy for Santa Cruz<\/h2>\n

Rositas would enable Bolivia to significantly transform its energy matrix.<\/p>\n

The government says new hydroelectric plants would replace energy generated by natural gas and diesel with water, a renewable source. In doing so, it would cut greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. Today, gas- and diesel-powered thermoelectric plants produce 75% of Bolivia\u2019s electricity.<\/p>\n

The Defence Committee\u2019s opposition to Rositas is awkward for the government.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe call on the Santa Cruz people to defend their project \u2014the dream of the old people who envisioned this project,\u201d said Energy Minister Rafael Alarc\u00f3n, who described<\/u> those filing legal action against Rositas as \u201cbad people\u201d.<\/p>\n

ENDE, the energy ministry of Energy, and the governing body of Santa Cruz say they will find out who should be compensated by the project and stress the measures to prevent environmental degradation.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
Rural communities at Vallegrande protest at losing a new bridge over the Grande River that connects them to markets (image: Caminos del Chaco)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Communities, however, say information is vague.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are not aware of any proposals. We don\u2019t have to accept anything if we don\u2019t know about it,\u201d said Benigno Barrientos, vice-chairman of the Defence Committee. \u201cAt no time have we been shown the best or the worst [scenarios]. What private owner is going to hand over his property without a proposal?\u201d<\/p>\n

They insist that rather than the referendum, there must be a process of prior consultation.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur position is that any attempted consultation now is wrongly timed, bearing in mind that consultation with indigenous communities should have taken place beforehand,\u201d said Ena Taborga, representative of the Guaran\u00ed community of Tatarenda Nuevo. She added: \u201cConsulting all Bolivians would violate, among other rights, our self-determination.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sara Crespo, a researcher at Probioma, agrees: \u201cIt was not done beforehand. That right is already violated and nothing is being done to provide compensation.\u201d<\/p>\n

No Santa Cruz native, no Bolivian, is going to like the government taking away an inherent right by a referendum<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nor do many believe the government will comply if the result goes against them. Morales lost a February 2016 national referendum on whether he could seek another presidential term. He will run for office again in October this year.<\/p>\n

The government says the referendum would take precedence but insists on the importance of considering agreeable alternatives.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere has to be consensus between the different levels of government and the affected population in order to seek positive solutions and avoid a referendum,\u201d said Jos\u00e9 Luis Parada, an advisor to the Santa Cruz government.<\/p>\n

He added: \u201cNobody is going to oppose the implementation of 200,000 hectares of irrigation, generating energy, or having public and private electric transport. The referendum is secondary to the importance the project will have.\u201d<\/p>\n

For the time being, attempts at dialogue are paralysed. The Ministry of Energy did not respond to Di\u00e1logo Chino\u2019<\/em>s request for information on what action they will take to make Morales\u2019 referendum proposal viable, merely pointing out that they are collecting water data.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, anti-dam protesters\u2019 frustration at the lack of information on Rositas simmers.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo Santa Cruz native, no Bolivian, is going to like the government taking away an inherent right by a referendum. For three years, we have asked for proposals but have got none,\u201d said Benigno Barrientos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Bolivian government wants to build a hydroelectric plant in the east of the country that it claims will lessen its dependence on fossil fuels whilst guaranteeing energy and water supplies. On December 31, President Evo Morales proposed a referendum to revive the Rositas project, which would displace communities in the department of Santa Cruz. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000013,"featured_media":50023697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[50040314,554,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002592],"class_list":["post-50023713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-dams","tag-hydropower","tag-renewables","country-bolivia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe controversial referendum to revive Bolivia\u2019s Rositas dam | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As Bolivian president Evo Morales revives a controversial Chinese-backed dam, local communities renew their fight against it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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