{"id":50024860,"date":"2019-03-14T23:02:53","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T23:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=24860"},"modified":"2023-03-12T22:00:30","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T22:00:30","slug":"24773-amazonian-dragon-fish-star-in-chinese-aquariums","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/24773-amazonian-dragon-fish-star-in-chinese-aquariums\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazonian dragon fish star in Chinese aquariums"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dressed in rubber overalls, \u00d3scar Timar\u00e1n launches himself into a rectangular pond and paces the perimeter with a black net. With water up to his waist, he and a colleague isolate a corner where dozens of long greyish fish can be seen fluttering furiously, trying to escape.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One by one, Oscar inspects them. He lifts a half-metre fish by the tail, tilts its head down and gently brushes its mouth. The jaw opens and a cascade of small black and orange specks flies towards a plastic bag of water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are the babies of the silver arowana. Native to the Amazon, the fish has an elegant swimming style and is a new attraction in China\u2019s aquariums owing to its resemblance to the dragon fish (Asian arowana), the most expensive decorative fish in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In exporting the ornamental fish to Asia, breeders in the Amazonian department of Caquet\u00e1 have discovered an economic niche that could help stop deforestation in the world\u2019s largest continuous forest.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_24776\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24776\" style=\"width: 3088px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24776 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Copia-de-IMG_2637.jpg\" alt=\"arawana\" width=\"3088\" height=\"2056\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Caquet\u00e1, Carlos Eduardo Ram\u00edrez and the Amazon International Trade Zone (AITZ) have 48 ponds with arowanas. Photo: Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Li\u00e9vano.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2>Amazonian dragon in China<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the foot of wooded hills outside the departmental capital of Florencia, in paddocks where cows once grazed, the Amazon International Trade Zone company (AITZ) breeds silver arowana in 48 pools. It is fast becoming a promising business.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThere were 15 years of scientific research, publications and manuals, but we saw that there was no major commercial initiative,\u201d says manager Carlos Eduardo Ram\u00edrez, who has promoted their venture in several trade fairs in Asia, including the China International Pet Show (CIPS) in Beijing and Aquarama in Singapore.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cdo-shortcode--image\"><div id=\"galleryControls-24865\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-ride=\"carousel\"><div class=\"carousel-inner\"><\/div><a class=\"carousel-control-prev\" href=\"#galleryControls-24865\" role=\"button\" data-slide=\"prev\"><span class=\"carousel-control-prev-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"sr-only\">Previous<\/span><\/a><a class=\"carousel-control-next\" href=\"#galleryControls-24865\" role=\"button\" data-slide=\"next\"><span class=\"carousel-control-next-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"sr-only\">Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe were one of the leaders,\u201d adds Ram\u00edrez, who ditched a career as a banking analyst in Bogot\u00e1 to return to his native region and lead the new aquaculture \u2018biotrade\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2013, they exported their first shipment of 3,000 baby arowanas to a dealer in Hong Kong. Every year since they\u2019ve sent around 20,000 two-centimetre fingerlings that are then raised by distributors. When they reach the size of a hand, they are sold to aquarists throughout China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the last decade, they have become popular as an affordable substitute to the coveted Asian arowana. According to Emily Voigt\u2019s book <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/2016\/07\/dragon-fish-most-expensive-arowana-emily-voigt\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dragon Behind the Glass<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Asian version can fetch several thousand dollars and need armed guards.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"You see them in the water and you don\u2019t see anything too different, but look at them in an aquarium and you can see the beautiful colours\", says Hermes Olmos, an arowana farmer from the town of Paujil.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While a young Asian arowana can cost between US$50 and $100, its Amazon cousin, also called the \u2018silver dragon fish\u2019 (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u94f6\u9f99<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9c7c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Chinese), <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/item.jd.com\/31131879350.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is sold<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fully grown for 100 yuan ($15) on e-commerce websites like Jingdong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like their reddish cousin, the silver arowana evokes the dragons of Asian folklore with large, shiny scales, a wavy swimming pattern and two small whiskers, or olfactory bulbs, that hang from the lip.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou see them in the water and you don\u2019t see anything too different, but look at them in an aquarium and you can see the beautiful colours,\u201d says Hermes Olmos, a rural farmer from the town of Paujil who was among the first breeders.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24782\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24782\" style=\"width: 3088px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24782 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Copia-de-IMG_2665.jpg\" alt=\"arawana\" width=\"3088\" height=\"2056\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24782\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Asian dragon fish has been nicknamed in the Amazon as the \"monkey fish\" for its agility, speed and ability to jump Photo: Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Li\u00e9vano.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gladys Pineda, manager of the Caquet\u00e1 Aquaculture Association (Acuica), which represents 100 fish farmers, says: \u201cChina is the star market. While we don't have a culture of aquariums here, over there they really like them and we are amazed to see the technology they use.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acuica decided 17 years ago to investigate the market potential of arowana and study how to reproduce the species in captivity. Until then, there was only an informal and ill-concealed trade in fish captured in the rivers in the Amazon. After three years, they patented the method and raised them along with fifty partners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet the initial boom didn\u2019t last long. In all the enthusiasm for the new business, many fish died during the 40-hour plane journey, as farmers overlooked crucial factors such as water temperature. They also struggled with distributors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The silver variety is not the only arowana to light up Chinese aquariums. There is a \u2018blue\u2019 species, which is rife in the flood forests of the Amazon basin but which reproduces poorly in captivity and is more sensitive to changes in water temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 2015, AITZ has also exported baby arapaima, which grows into the largest fish in the Amazon. They can measure two metres in captivity and three in the wild. Their white, tasty meat means they\u2019re mostly sold for gastronomy, but Peru is seeing growing demand from Chinese ornamental fish fanatics.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_24785\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24785\" style=\"width: 3088px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24785 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/A4.jpg\" alt=\"arawana\" width=\"3088\" height=\"2056\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">At 45 days old - like those shown here by Duv\u00e1n Avil\u00e9s - the fish are exported in bags attached to oxygen pipes Photo: Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Li\u00e9vano.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2>Fish against deforestation<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sale of arowanas to China has another benefit. Caquet\u00e1, where the forests of the Andes mountain range meet the jungles of the Amazon, has among the highest rates of deforestation in Colombia. Extensive cattle ranching and land speculation are largely to blame. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a region that saw 60,000 hectares of forest cut in 2018 and where <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pacifista.co\/ni-coca-ni-deforestacion-campesinos-del-caqueta-quieren-cuidar-el-ambiente-pcrural\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conventional wisdom <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dictates that each cow needs one hectare to graze, stopping deforestation means finding productive solutions for thousands of farmers. The conversion to silvopastoral, more forest friendly, methods in the jungle's border area is also a challenge. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colombia\u2019s biotrade is emerging as one possible solution for conservation. Products range from Amazonian fruits a\u00e7ai and cupua\u00e7u, to the community management of forests \u2013 and breeding arowanas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLivestock in the Amazon needs very la<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rge areas because the soil is not suitable. In contrast, aquaculture has fast and important returns in generating economic stability,\u201d said Luz Maria Mantilla, director of the Sinchi Amazonian Institute of Scientific Research, a government body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s a relatively recent business in the Amazon because many researchers thought it was competing with the river. When we found that the species<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was beginning to decline, we were convinced that it was a good option,\u201d adds Mantilla, who grew up in Caquet\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For all of them, the model is proving to be more profitable and sustainable than livestock farming. It also requires less land. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hermes Olmos has 14 lagoons with 800 breeding stocks. He produced 16,000 small fish last year in just one and a half hectares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou can\u2019t imagine that artisanal fish is so big a market. It\u2019s very profitable,\u201d says Olmos. \u201cI am taking on average 100 larvae per fish, which are sold at 2,000 pesos (US$0.60) each and have few expenses. Last year they returned an 80% profit.\u201d A decade ago he made a living raising edible fish like mojarra, cachama and shad. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unsurprisingly, Olmos says he\u2019s going to stick with arowana.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24795\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24795\" style=\"width: 3088px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24795 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/A5.jpg\" alt=\"arawana\" width=\"3088\" height=\"2056\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00d3scar Timar\u00e1n brushes the throat of the fish, feeling for the eggs. The record number in one instance is 220 fish eggs. Photo: Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Li\u00e9vano.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ram\u00edrez\u2019s 10-hectare farm, which has over 1,000 males for breeding, generates six permanent jobs and at least four temporary ones. They have also decided to preserve 180 hectares of forest. AITZ bought its farm from the Colombian Government after the corrupt Caquet\u00e1 Cattle Fund went bankrupt. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Overfishing fears<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voigt says the sheer scale of Chinese demand raises several environmental concerns. The success of the trade quickly led to overfishing in the Amazon\u2019s rivers as those keen to profit ignored the seasonal windows necessary for the fish to reproduce and so stabilise numbers.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southeast Asia serves as a warning. Its ornamental fish trade is booming, but the habitats of these farmed species are being wiped out<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A contraband trade emanating from Brazil flourished, driven by a demand that one Chinese importer who Voigt talked to estimated at around one million arowanas a year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYet farming pet fish rather than collecting them from the wild can remove an important incentive to protect nature. Southeast Asia is a cautionary tale: its ornamental fish trade is booming but the habitats of the species being bred are largely destroyed,\u201d Voigt told <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. She added that she had even met Asian aquaculturists already raising the Amazonian species. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South American farmers fear that eliminating the costs of transporting to markets 17,000 kilometres away would mean they couldn\u2019t compete.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Caquet\u00e1, such opportunities are vital. It is one of the most biodiverse departments in the country and was for years a stronghold of the Farc Marxist guerrillas. After they signed an <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/10128-china-and-colombia-building-the-peace\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">historic peace agreement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the government in 2016, 13,000 guerrillas put down their weapons and began looking for work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a virtually non-existent private sector and 11,793 hectares, or 7% of Colombia\u2019s territory, devoted to the cultivation of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/colombia\/2018\/Octubre\/INFORME_MONITOREO_DE_CULTIVOS_ILICITOS_2017_FINAL.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">coca<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the region is looking for ways of growing economically whilst preserving its natural wealth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One way could well be this elegant, elongated fish which uses its mouth as an incubator.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dressed in rubber overalls, \u00d3scar Timar\u00e1n launches himself into a rectangular pond and paces the perimeter with a black net. With water up to his waist, he and a colleague isolate a corner where dozens of long greyish fish can be seen fluttering furiously, trying to escape. One by one, Oscar inspects them. He lifts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000003,"featured_media":50024779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764,50039901],"tags":[506,545,600,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50000025],"class_list":["post-50024860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","category-ocean","tag-amazon","tag-fisheries","tag-trade","tag-wildlife","country-china","country-colombia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Amazonian dragon fish star in Chinese aquariums | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese demand for the ornamental silver arowana dragon fish has opened a niche in Colombia\u2019s Amazon that could curb deforestation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/24773-amazonian-dragon-fish-star-in-chinese-aquariums\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Amazonian dragon fish star in Chinese aquariums\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dressed in rubber overalls, \u00d3scar Timar\u00e1n launches himself into a rectangular pond and paces the perimeter with a black net. With water up to his waist,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/24773-amazonian-dragon-fish-star-in-chinese-aquariums\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-03-14T23:02:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-12T22:00:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/4-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sophie Bauer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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