{"id":50025098,"date":"2019-03-19T15:31:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-19T15:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=25098"},"modified":"2023-03-12T21:56:37","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T21:56:37","slug":"25098-chilean-cherry-producers-adapt-to-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/25098-chilean-cherry-producers-adapt-to-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Chilean cherry producers adapt to climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"

Exactly <\/span>24,638 Chilean cherries<\/span><\/a> were placed side by side at Shanghai Port International Cruise Terminal on January 11, forming two giant representations of the ruby red fruit. It achieved a Guinness World Record for the longest line of fruit in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

As exports boom, producers are experimenting with varieties that meet China\u2019s seasonal spikes in demand. Yet, there are concerns over the effects of scaling-up production on a country that is already suffering from water scarcity. <\/span><\/p>\n

Expansion<\/h2>\n

In 2017, more than three million cherry crops were planted across the country, according to the 2018 Chilean plant nursery yearbook. This equated to almost 3,340 hectares, according to Jorge Valenzuela, president of the <\/span>Chilean fruit producer federation <\/span><\/a>(Fedefruta)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe are currently expecting to reach a total surface of 36,600 hectares nationwide,\u201d he added. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

85%<\/p>\n

\n
\ndas exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de cereja chilena v\u00e3o para a China
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

Chile has tripled its cherry production over the last ten years, according to the Office of Agricultural Studies and Policies (ODEPA). 85% of cherries goes to China and exports peak around Chinese new year. <\/span><\/p>\n

“Red is a sign of prosperity,\u201d says Felipe Borgo\u00f1o, operations manager of <\/span>Garces Fruit<\/span><\/a>, Chile’s largest cherry producer. He said Chinese New Year coincides with production, achieving \u201ca match with their cultural need to gift fruit”. <\/span><\/p>\n

Valenzuela said: “This decade has seen a demanding Chinese consumer develop. With their purchasing power, they value quality and high standards, and that is where the Chilean cherry has a huge space.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Demand has grown in part due to a nationwide marketing campaign under the slogan “Cherries from Chile”, which aims to bring the fruit to the attention to both online buyers and retailers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"chile
image: Garces Fruit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Climate adaptation<\/h2>\n

Producers have sought varieties for early (October to early November) and late harvest (late January to February), Borgo\u00f1o said. \u201cWe have established the best patterns, which can be adapted to the conditions of the soil and the climate.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2010, a genetic improvement program for cherries began in Chile.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protecting ourselves from the weather is the main topic every year, so we try to get the latest technology<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Marlene Ayala, a researcher from the Faculty of Agronomy of Chile\u2019s Pontifical University (PUC), said climate change is creating new challenges. For example, in November 2018 there was a hailstorm nobody was prepared for. <\/span><\/p>\n

“They were the size of golf balls,” she said of the storm that hit the central regions of O’Higgins, Maule and \u00d1uble, which lie just south of the capital Santiago. Some producers even lost whole trees.<\/span><\/p>\n

Joaqu\u00edn Zamora head of agricultural operations at Garces Fruit, said: “Protecting ourselves from the weather is the main topic every year, so we try to get the latest technology.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The company uses propeller-powered heating to mitigate the effect of frost and plastic coverings to protect against humidity and rain. Solar radiation is another growing threat. Heatwaves are more frequent in summer and can even burn leaves and lead to physiological disorders. <\/span><\/p>\n

However, Ayala said varieties that can withstand little cold could prosper in new environments. <\/span><\/p>\n

“If we move to the south, we are looking for varieties that tolerate rain and low temperatures during ripening,” she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elena Vidal, a researcher at the Integrative Biology Institute iBio, said: \u201cCherry crops need hours of accumulated cold temperatures in order for the flowers to blossom in spring.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

She said varieties of smaller trees, which require fewer agrochemicals are a possible solution. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Water problems<\/h2>\n

Water demand from avocado<\/a> producers in Petorca in the Valpara\u00edso region close to Santiago created competition with communities demanding it be used for direct human consumption. Following this, the cherry\u2019s water use is now under the spotlight. <\/span><\/p>\n

NGO Modatima has <\/span>warned<\/span><\/a> that cherries could cause the same problem, though this is not yet clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

While each individual cherry tree may have less environmental impact than other fruits, intensive cultivation creates pressure on the environment<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Elena Vidal said that unlike the cherry tree, the avocado is evergreen and so has higher year-round need for water. “This also entails a greater nutritional requirement in terms of fertilizers and pesticides,” she added. <\/span><\/p>\n

For more than a year, the Aculeo lagoon, about 80 kilometres from the capital, has been dry. Cherry producers were among those <\/span>accused<\/span><\/a> of illegally extracting water from the area\u2019s aquifers.<\/span><\/p>\n

While each individual cherry tree may have less environmental impact than other fruits, intensive cultivation creates pressure on the environment, Vidal added.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Ayala, water consumption by cherry producers is mostly limited to the production period, which lasts about 70 days. <\/span><\/p>\n

If cherry demand continues to increase, the rush to capitalise could lead to other issues. \u00a0\u201cThe spread of monoculture could be a problem,\u201d she warned, adding that the way the change is managed will be crucial. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exactly 24,638 Chilean cherries were placed side by side at Shanghai Port International Cruise Terminal on January 11, forming two giant representations of the ruby red fruit. It achieved a Guinness World Record for the longest line of fruit in the world. As exports boom, producers are experimenting with varieties that meet China\u2019s seasonal spikes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000003,"featured_media":50025104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763],"tags":[17827,50040317,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000024],"class_list":["post-50025098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-farming","tag-water-scarcity","country-chile"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChilean cherry producers adapt to climate change | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As exports to China boom, Chilean growers look to relocate and develop climate-resilient cherry crops amid accusations of water hoarding\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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