{"id":50030190,"date":"2019-09-13T17:32:54","date_gmt":"2019-09-13T16:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=30190"},"modified":"2023-03-12T16:01:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T16:01:39","slug":"30190-china-backed-amazon-waterway-mired-in-murky-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/30190-china-backed-amazon-waterway-mired-in-murky-information\/","title":{"rendered":"China-backed Amazon Waterway mired in murky information"},"content":{"rendered":"

The world\u2019s mightiest river, the Amazon, originates in Peru and now the country has a plan to transform it, along with the major tributaries within its borders, into a hub for permanent, faster and more modern transport.<\/p>\n

The Amazon Waterway is a multimillion-dollar project to dredge the four most important rivers in Peru\u2019s rainforest region and use satellite navigation and GPS to make transport more secure.<\/p>\n

However, the US$95 million government-backed project, known in Spanish as the\u00a0Hidrov\u00eda Amaz\u00f3nica<\/em>,\u00a0depends on the approval of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) before it can begin opening up 2,687 kilometres of the Mara\u00f1on, Ucayali, Huallaga and Amazon rivers.<\/p>\n

The Cohidro consortium, a 50\/50 partnership between Chinese engineering firm Sinohydro Corp Ltd and Peruvian construction firm Casa S.A, was contracted to engineer the project in 2017.<\/p>\n

If it gets the green light in a decision expected at the end of this year, a 20-year concession would likely begin in 2022 when the waterway would become operational.<\/p>\n

Infrastructure and information gaps<\/h2>\n

The Amazon Waterway has been declared of national interest. Peru\u2019s transport and communications ministry earmarked it as one of 52 key infrastructure projects to plug what the finance ministry estimates is a US$108 billion infrastructure shortfall, equivalent to\u00a0around half the country’s GDP<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

$108billion<\/p>\n

\n
\nthe estimated amount of investment required in Peru's infrastructure (US$)
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

However, the path to the final approval of this project may not be plain sailing.<\/p>\n

The plan, which purports to make the Amazon region more navigable, has raised environmental concerns and unanswered questions about its objectives.<\/p>\n

First proposed in 2014 as part of the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA), the waterway attracted its first Chinese and Peruvian investors, El Consorcio Hidrovias II, in 2017.<\/p>\n

The river is an integrated, living structure and whatever happens upstream will impact downstream – and vice versa<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Since then, the initial proposal to dredge 13\u00a0malos pasos<\/em>, or \u2018difficult spots\u2019 on key passages of each of the four rivers, has raised a series of questions. Engineers claim these are not fully addressed in the Amazon Waterway\u2019s \u201cfar too general\u201d EIA.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you are going to dredge, which is removing sediments, you should at least study how much sediment is moving along the bottom of the river,\u201d says Jorge Abad, an engineer who specialises in ecohydraulics.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo one has done this.\u201d<\/p>\n

Abad says dredging from the streambed requires modelling to determine its effectiveness and possible side-effects.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf we are signing for 20 years we should see more quantitative predictions of what\u2019s going to happen \u2013 and that\u2019s not coming from the company,\u201d he told Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe river is an integrated, living structure and whatever happens upstream will impact downstream and vice versa. They don\u2019t seem to understand this,\u201d says Abad, who has been studying of the Amazon river system for a decade.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s role<\/h2>\n

The involvement of a Chinese firm in the project is significant, according to Rosario Santa Gadea, director of the Centre for China and Asia Pacific Studies at Lima\u2019s Pacific University.<\/p>\n

\u201cChina is interested in investing in infrastructure abroad and opportunities in Peru are big,\u201d she says, adding the waterway project \u201ccould be beneficial for increasing connectivity between China and Peru in terms of international trade\u201d.<\/p>\n

In April, Peru formally endorsed<\/a> China’s major overseas connectivity project the Belt and Road Initiative<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Amazon
map courtesy of DAR Peru<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

The initial idea was to connect Peru\u2019s northern seaport of Paita to the Amazon region, Santa Gadea explained. Iquitos, the regional capital of Loreto, is the world\u2019s largest city that cannot be reached by road. The Amazon state is larger in size than Peru\u2019s neighbouring country Ecuador.<\/p>\n

The fish will flee and there won\u2019t be food for the children<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cThere is the need to produce connectivity with Brazil in the Amazon part of our country,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n

But even Chinese observers have said the environmental cost might be too high. Zhang Jingjing<\/a>, of the Transnational Environmental Accountability Project<\/a>, told Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em> the \u201cindigenous people have deep concerns about any project which would affect their way of life.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cChina should comply with international norms to make sure China\u2019s international investment is green and clean,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n

Sinohydro is a Chinese state-owned firm and the world\u2019s largest\u00a0hydropower construction company<\/a>. It has a chequered record on environmental standards and human rights.<\/p>\n

The firm has been involved in controversial hydropower projects around the world from the Kamchay-Cambodia dam in Asia, the\u00a0Kajbar-Sudan Dam<\/a>\u00a0in Africa, and in South America, the Coca Coda Sinclair<\/a> Dam in Ecuador, which was part of a\u00a0national scandal<\/a> over its poor construction and alleged corruption.<\/p>\n

Impact assessment delays<\/h2>\n

The EIA for the Amazon Waterway project has been drafted and re-drafted since the beginning of 2018 after initial rejections by Peru\u2019s environmental certification service SENACE for not including citizen participation workshops or consulting indigenous organisations.<\/p>\n

In May, SENACE accepted the EIA for evaluation, incorporating two indigenous federations (ORAU and CORPI) as interested third parties.<\/p>\n

At the same time, AIDESEP, the umbrella federation for native Amazonians, filed a compliance appeal with Lima\u2019s superior court to force Peru\u2019s transport and communications ministry to implement the project\u2019s prior consultation agreements, which it says were not carried out properly.<\/p>\n

Indigenous communities worry that dredging will impact piscine populations, along with other plans to remove tree trunks stuck in the river, known as\u00a0quirumas<\/em>, which are havens for fish reproduction. \u00a0Dredging could also disrupt fish migration, impacting food security for the whole rainforest region, according to a report by the\u00a0Wildlife Conservation Society<\/a>\u00a0in Peru.<\/p>\n

However, Peru\u2019s Transport and Communications ministry said in a series of\u00a0public meetings in the region<\/a>\u00a0last month that it would implement a plan so that fish migration would not be affected.<\/p>\n

It would be ecologically and economically disastrous<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Prior to that, Loreto\u2019s main indigenous federation ORPIO, along with CORPI, ORAU and AIDESEP made a public announcement in May demanding that the project be declared non-viable.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ll be affected because the [dredging] will mean the river banks get washed away and our [riverside] communities will start disappearing,\u201d said Zoila Merino, an indigenous Bora leader with ORPIO.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe fish will flee and there won\u2019t be food for the children. We\u2019ve been the owners of the forest for a long time. It\u2019s our market. For us, the water is health, life and food, it\u2019s everything. This connection won\u2019t benefit us,\u201d Merino added.<\/p>\n

Last month, Peru\u2019s national parks service\u00a0SERNANP<\/a>\u00a0said the project\u2019s EIA would impact two endangered mammal species, the Amazon River Dolphin and the Giant River Otter.<\/p>\n

Flagging up\u00a031 observations on the impact study<\/a>,\u00a0SERNANP highlighted particular concerns about three dredging points near the buffer zone of the Pacaya Samiria national reserve, Peru\u2019s largest,\u00a0and another in the Cordillera Azul national park\u2019s buffer zone.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt would be ecologically and economically disastrous,\u201d Richard Bodmer, president of NGO\u00a0FundAmazonia<\/a>, told Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne third of Loreto is flooded forest which is a fish reproduction site and that\u2019s all going to be impacted by that kind of intensive dredging,\u201d Bodmer said, adding that dredging underwater mounds would cause the water to flow faster, meaning more droughts.<\/p>\n

Taking a toll<\/h2>\n

A proposed new levy on transport is also unpopular. The local river shipping union rejects a fee that Cohidro would introduce for passage on the rivers. If the project goes ahead, any medium-to-large vessel would pay the concessionaire US$1.69, plus VAT of 18%, per unit of gross tonnage.<\/p>\n

\n

30%<\/p>\n

\n
\nthe estimated increase in the cost of shipping after Amazon Waterway tolls have been applied
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s nothing more than a toll booth, which will make shipping 30% more expensive as well as the average family basket for food,\u201d said Carmen Nu\u00f1ez, general manager of Loreto\u2019s river shipping freight association, speaking to Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em> from Lima ahead of planned protests.<\/p>\n

\u201cI want the world to know that they have \u2018concessioned off\u2019 our Amazon, because the Amazon doesn\u2019t just belong to this government and to Peru, it belongs to the world. That\u2019s why we must conserve it, not send in dredgers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Peru\u2019s transport and communications ministry did not respond to requests for comment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The world\u2019s mightiest river, the Amazon, originates in Peru and now the country has a plan to transform it, along with the major tributaries within its borders, into a hub for permanent, faster and more modern transport. The Amazon Waterway is a multimillion-dollar project to dredge the four most important rivers in Peru\u2019s rainforest region […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000004,"featured_media":50030195,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[506,555,556,587],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50002601],"class_list":["post-50030190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-amazon","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-infrastructure","tag-rivers","country-china","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina-backed Amazon Waterway mired in murky information | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Engineers and indigenous people call for proper studies on Cohidro's Amazon Waterway project that could impact fish populations and local livelihoods\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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