{"id":50033491,"date":"2020-02-14T15:20:41","date_gmt":"2020-02-14T15:20:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=33491"},"modified":"2023-03-13T23:15:52","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T23:15:52","slug":"33491-mexicos-lithium-discovery-is-a-double-edged-sword","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/33491-mexicos-lithium-discovery-is-a-double-edged-sword\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexico&#8217;s lithium discovery is a double-edged sword"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With reserves of some 244 million tonnes, lithium deposits discovered by the Canadian company Bacanora in the northeastern Mexican state of Sonora are the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/features\/top-ten-biggest-lithium-mines\/\">world\u2019s largest<\/a>, containing significantly more than the second-placed Thacker Pass site in the US state of Nevada (178 million tonnes), Mexico\u2019s under secretary of mining Francisco Quiroga claimed in December.<\/p>\n<p>Lithium is an central component in rechargeable batteries used in smartphones and electronic vehicles (EVs), making it critical for the global energy transition. Ganfeng Lithium, China\u2019s largest lithium compounds producer and supplier to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining.com\/bacanora-and-ganfeng-ink-sonora-lithium-project-investment\/\">Tesla<\/a>, has already agreed to a joint venture Bacanora to develop the mine in Sonora, which will be Mexico\u2019s first lithium mine.<\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>Did you know...?<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nAs well as electric vehicle and smartphone batteries, lithium is used to manufacture heat-resistant glass and ceramics, industrial greases, and in treatments for bipolar disorder and depression<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p>Chinese companies keen to corner the global EV market, which the Paris-based International Energy Agency <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2019\">estimates<\/a> will reach 44 million vehicles by 2030.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLithium is the new oil\u201d, V\u00edctor Manuel Toledo, Mexico\u2019s Environment Secretary said on announcing the Sonora discovery.<\/p>\n<p>While the metal holds clean energy potential, it comes with pitfalls. The exploitation of lithium, requires huge quantities of water and can have serious consequences for the environment. Its extraction and industrialisation has also ignited vigorous national debates about resource ownership and management in countries including <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/countries\/chile\/\">Chile<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/countries\/bolivia\/\">Bolivia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mexico has the added complication of its lithium mine sitting in a region controlled by criminal organisations, which the government has failed to control.<\/p>\n<p>Extraction of the deposits in Sonora\u2019s Bacad\u00e9huachi municipality, which the Bavispe river runs through, are expected to commence in <a href=\"https:\/\/aristeguinoticias.com\/0512\/mexico\/confirman-yacimiento-de-litio-en-bacadehuachi-sonora-video\/\">2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>China hones in on Mexico\u2019s lithium<\/h2>\n<p>\u201cGanfeng has investments in resources all over the world &#8211; China, Australia, <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/countries\/argentina\/\">Argentina<\/a>, Ireland and now Mexico,\u201d Joe Lowry, a lithium market expert, told Di\u00e1logo Chino. He noted that the company is unable to invest in lithium in the US due to regulations on foreign control of strategic resources.<\/p>\n<p>China currently dominates the EV supply chain, producing close to two-thirds of the world\u2019s lithium-ion batteries. The US produces scarcely 5%. China also controls most of the world\u2019s lithium processing facilities, according to data from Benchmark Minerals Intelligence.<\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>75%<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nof the world's lithium lies in the salty brine deserts of northern Chile and Argentina, and southern Bolivia<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p>Toledo said that the Mexican government is looking to begin manufacturing EVs in state-owned factories. Sonora Economy Secretary Jorge Vidal also said that his government had met with Ganfeng to discuss building <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx\/finanzas\/empresa-china-por-litio-de-sonora-4561281.htm\">a battery factory <\/a>alongside the mine.<\/p>\n<p>Quiroga said the Bacad\u00e9huachi mine will bring <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PacoQuiroga\/status\/1185353582767292416\">\u201cprogress and wellbeing\u201d<\/a> to Sonora, a state with <a href=\"https:\/\/fronterasdesk.org\/content\/1424256\/murders-surge-rising-violence-tests-sonora-mexico\">high rates<\/a> of corruption and violence.<\/p>\n<h2>Security and sustainability concerns<\/h2>\n<p>Lowry said the mine\u2019s location is \u201cat best \u2018challenging\u2019\u201d from a security perspective. \u201cThere are certainly much better places [than Sonora] to invest in a lithium project,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p>The mine is situated in an area <a href=\"https:\/\/lta.reuters.com\/articulo\/mineria-mexico-litio-idLTAKBN1ZR27V-OUSLT\">affected<\/a> by organised crime, just 98 kilometres from where gunmen suspected of belonging to a drug cartel massacred nine women and children of dual US and Mexican nationality on November 4 last year. According to Reuters, Coparmex&#8211;an influential Mexican business organisation, warned that violence is causing investors to lose confidence in the economy.<\/p>\n<p>On November 11, armed robbers stole gold and silver in transit from a Sonoran mine in an incident that served as \u201can unwelcome reminder of the security risks faced by miners in Mexico,\u201d business news website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bnamericas.com\/en\/news\/armed-robbery-a-reminder-of-mexico-mining-risks\">BN Americas<\/a> wrote recently.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, global lithium prices are <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/28818-amlos-return-to-oil\/\">volatile<\/a>, and Mexico\u2019s mining sector in particular has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/features\/turning-around-mexicos-mining-meltdown\/\">struggled<\/a> to attract investment for over a decade.<\/p>\n<h2>Water Shortages and Chemical Spills<\/h2>\n<p>Sonora is already facing a <a href=\"https:\/\/noticieros.televisa.com\/ultimas-noticias\/degradacion-ecologica-y-sequia-afectan-sonora\/\">desertification<\/a> crisis and is ranked as having <a href=\"https:\/\/azbigmedia.com\/business\/environment\/mexico-facing-water-zero\/\">\u2018Extremely High Baseline Water Stress\u2019<\/a>, according to the World Resources Institute. This means the population is already using more than 80% of their available water supply.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It\u2019s a resource that we could be taking advantage of here in Mexico, both as an export and as a source of cleaner energy<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ricardo Durazo, coordinator of environmental campaign group <a href=\"https:\/\/proyectopuente.com.mx\/2019\/09\/07\/se-suma-hermosillo-al-movimiento-fridays-for-future-marcha-a-favor-del-medio-ambiente\/\">Fridays for Future<\/a> in Sonoran state capital Hermosillo,\u00a0 told Di\u00e1logo Chino that water supply is a critical environmental issue in the state. The discovery of the lithium deposits is \u201ca double-edged sword\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJust as lithium is indispensable for the creation and development of renewable energies, it is also a mineral that is particularly polluting\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>There lithium <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2019\/06\/17\/lithium-mining-for-green-electric-cars-is-leaving-a-stain-on-the-planet\/\">extraction <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2019\/06\/17\/lithium-mining-for-green-electric-cars-is-leaving-a-stain-on-the-planet\/\">process<\/a> has an inherent risk of contamination. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/asia_pacific\/tibetans-in-anguish-as-chinese-mines-pollute-their-sacred-grasslands\/2016\/12\/25\/bb6aad06-63bc-11e6-b4d8-33e931b5a26d_story.html\">Tibet<\/a> in 2016, where lithium has been mined since the 1960s, initially for use in industrial greases and anti-depressants, a toxic chemical leak from the Ganzizhou Rongda Lithium mine killed fish and cattle that local farming communities depended on.<\/p>\n<p>Hydrochloric acid is used in lithium processing to filter waste products from the brine, rock or clay. This has generated conflict with communities living near mines in Argentina and Chile, where it has polluted local water sources. Lithium extraction can also affect soil and air quality.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think it\u2019s a resource that we could be taking advantage of here in Mexico, both as an export and as a source of cleaner energy,\u201d said Durazo.\u00a0 \u201cBut it will depend on the politicians, the authorities and the mining companies to implement environmental protection standards.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With reserves of some 244 million tonnes, lithium deposits discovered by the Canadian company Bacanora in the northeastern Mexican state of Sonora are the world\u2019s largest, containing significantly more than the second-placed Thacker Pass site in the US state of Nevada (178 million tonnes), Mexico\u2019s under secretary of mining Francisco Quiroga claimed in December. Lithium [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000004,"featured_media":50033494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[18133,566,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002597],"class_list":["post-50033491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-lithium","tag-mining","tag-water-scarcity","country-mexico"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mexico&#039;s lithium discovery is a double-edged sword | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New technology metal lithium holds the promise of accelerating the energy transition but at what cost for Mexico&#039;s water resources and national development?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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