{"id":50033581,"date":"2020-02-20T19:41:11","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T19:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=33581"},"modified":"2023-03-13T23:11:55","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T23:11:55","slug":"33581-five-takeaways-from-the-uns-proposals-to-protect-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/33581-five-takeaways-from-the-uns-proposals-to-protect-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"Five takeaways from the UN\u2019s proposals to protect biodiversity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dubbed by some the \u201cother COP\u201d, UN negotiations over revised biodiversity targets and a new international framework for nature restoration and conservation (COP15)<\/a>\u00a0have not had the same media or political profile as those on climate change<\/p>\n

However, the issue of biodiversity loss<\/a> has gained ground in the past ten months, since the publication of the landmark report<\/a> by scientists on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, which stated that one million species were facing extinction.<\/p>\n

Businesses have also been found to be more dependent on nature than previously thought, with approximately $44 trillion of economic value generation \u2013 equivalent to half the world\u2019s GDP \u2013 moderately or highly dependent, according to a report<\/a> published by the World Economic Forum and consultancy PwC.<\/p>\n

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recently published its initial proposals for the framework. This \u201czero draft\u201d<\/a> will be discussed at a series of meetings in the run-up to COP15, to be hosted by China in Kunming in October, with the first scheduled for the end of February.<\/p>\n

Now that solid proposals are on the table, China Dialogue explores five key points.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    CBD plans should increase areas protected for nature<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    National parks and other protected areas cover 15% of land and 10% of territorial waters. This is widely recognised as nowhere near sufficient. The zero draft proposes that at least 60% of important sites be protected by 2030, covering at least 30% of land and sea areas, with at least 10% under strict protection.<\/p>\n

    The increase has been broadly welcomed by scientists and environmental campaigners, for whom this was a major demand. \u201cWe think this is a pretty good starting point. But we\u2019re not na\u00efve, we\u2019re expecting a lot of heated political discussion on this,\u201d says Li Shuo, senior climate and energy policy officer at\u00a0Greenpeace China.<\/p>\n

    We need to spend a lot more heavily on biodiversity protection in the coming decades if we\u2019re going to come anywhere close<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Professor Callum Roberts, marine conservation biologist\u00a0at the University of York, believes that the politics around protected areas will be tricky. \u201cThere\u2019s a delicate balance being played out here. If the text is too prescriptive about protected areas, that will scare some countries. They may be unwilling to sign up and we won\u2019t get the agreement necessary. On the other hand, I don\u2019t want there to be no target in there \u2013 it\u2019s important that we\u2019re ambitious in this draft.\u201d<\/p>\n

    For Brian O\u2019Donnell, director of the Campaign for Nature, the targets are good, but too vague. \u201cThere are some concerns about the wording \u2013 only 10% will be in strict protection \u2013 what about the rest? How will it be managed in a way that ensures conservation?\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Implementation must significantly improve<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Matt Walpole, senior director of conservation partnerships at Fauna and Flora International, stresses that lack of focus on implementation is the main reason previous attempts to halt biodiversity loss have failed.<\/p>\n

      Unlike the Paris Agreement, where governments bring their commitments to action to be debated at the negotiations, the CBD merely agrees the wording of the framework, then devolves detailed action to governments to take forward.<\/p>\n

      \u201cAt the point at which the mechanism is agreed, there is no commitment to action,\u201d he says. \u201cIt doesn\u2019t get us to the detail of how we make the changes, and that significantly weakens the convention.\u201d<\/p>\n

      Linda Krueger, senior policy advisor at The Nature Conservancy, says that implementation depends on the involvement of all of society. \u201cThe right stakeholders are not engaged. Ministers of energy, transportation and industry all need to be involved in implementing the agreement. And they\u2019re probably not even aware that this is happening.\u201d<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        A boost in finance is critical<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        This is another political hot potato for the CBD, says Li. \u201cThe dynamic is similar to the climate talks: developing countries are seeking financial support from those that are more developed. At the CBD, it\u2019s primarily African countries that are asking for this,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

        Roberts says that the amount spent on biodiversity needs to be significantly boosted. \u201cWe need to spend a lot more heavily on biodiversity protection in the coming decades if we\u2019re going to come anywhere close to achieving the ambition in the zero draft,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

        O\u2019Donnell says that finance should come from all sectors, including governments, businesses and philanthropy. But discussions on finance have yet to really get going, he reports. \u201cThere\u2019s been much more focus on the policy, science and place-based discussions. That will really be the make or break \u2013 if the targets are not met with enhanced financing, then they\u2019re not going to achieve their objective.\u201d<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          Indirect drivers need accounting for<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n

          30%<\/p>\n

          \n
          \nof the mitigation effort needed to meet Paris Agreement goals can be met by 'nature-based solutions'
          \n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

          The zero draft recognises the role of unsustainable consumption in biodiversity loss, saying that \u201cpeople everywhere\u201d should moderate consumption and lifestyles so that levels are sustainable by 2030. But the extent to which the framework will target such issues, which also include population, trade and the extractive sectors, will be a \u201cbig debate\u201d, predicts Li.<\/p>\n

          \u201cSome of those are not necessarily reflected in the zero draft, but I can tell you that in the negotiations those issues are being discussed quite a bit. Indirect drivers are a little bit beyond the CBD\u2019s remit, but at the same time are major contributors of biodiversity loss,\u201d says Li.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            Climate and biodiversity need tackling together<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            The zero draft recognises the role of nature in mitigating climate change by proposing that nature-based solutions<\/a> such as sequestering carbon in soils, trees and oceans provide around 30% of the effort needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. O\u2019Donnell welcomes the move, adding that such coordination of the two objectives has been missing in the past.<\/p>\n

            Roberts is also pleased, and says that both challenges need to be tackled together for either to be successful. \u201cUnless we go much higher on our climate ambition, we\u2019re not going to stem biodiversity loss, and unless we go much higher in protected area coverage, we\u2019re not going to implement nature-based solutions to climate mitigation on a large enough scale to make any difference at all.\u201d<\/p>\n

            As these issues are fleshed out in the run up to October, many commenters believe that China is ideally placed to host the biodiversity COP, as it is already implementing its concept of \u201cecological civilisation\u201d through its ecological red lines<\/a> strategy to balance economic growth with ecological and environmental protection.<\/p>\n

            \u201cThey\u2019re in a unique position to be the leaders in breaking the CBD out of its historical narrow focus and introducing some of those concepts that are absolutely necessary if we\u2019re to achieve the transformation needed,\u201d Krueger says.<\/p>\n

            This article was originally published by China Dialogue<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Dubbed by some the \u201cother COP\u201d, UN negotiations over revised biodiversity targets and a new international framework for nature restoration and conservation (COP15)\u00a0have not had the same media or political profile as those on climate change However, the issue of biodiversity loss has gained ground in the past ten months, since the publication of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000004,"featured_media":50033583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,544,582],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-50033581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-finance","tag-protected-areas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCBD: 5 takeways from the UN's proposals to protect biodiversity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Negotiations are ramping up on a new framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) before COP15. 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