{"id":50038222,"date":"2020-11-09T18:29:52","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T18:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=38222"},"modified":"2024-10-16T19:28:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T18:28:45","slug":"38222-mapping-thermoelectric-energy-in-latin-america-decarbonization-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/38222-mapping-thermoelectric-energy-in-latin-america-decarbonization-energy-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;Stranded&#8217; power? Mapping Latin America&#8217;s thermoelectric energy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the keys to understanding what countries are doing to counter the climate crisis is to look at where their electricity comes from.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on its origin, the energy we use is either cleaner or dirtier. For example, a power plant that burns coal to produce electricity releases more greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere than a solar or nuclear plant.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are not among the largest global contributors of emissions that cause climate change, the region is one of the most vulnerable to extreme weather events such as droughts or floods and so are planning cuts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that countries, their governments and societies, must move forward in an energy transition that favours electricity generated by renewable sources. Water, sun, wind, geothermal or biomass should be prioritised over energy derived from fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and, above all, coal.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Costa Rica and Uruguay have grids that, several months of the year, are 100% renewable<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This transition to cleaner sources of energy means that a number of infrastructure projects designed to extract, process and transport fossil fuels will eventually have to be closed or converted in order to meet emissions reductions targets and avoid the worst-case climate scenarios. These facilities have been referred to as &#8216;stranded assets&#8217; in climate finance and energy planning circles, as countries will need to start calculating how economically and environmentally profitable it is to keep them in operation over the long term.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>With this in mind, <em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em> presents a unique map that plots all of Latin America&#8217;s thermoelectric power plants and that details, where information is available, their energy capacity, status and financial backers. The <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Dia\u0301logo-Chino-Thermoelectric-power-data_ENG-1-1.xlsx\">data<\/a>\u00a0we have compiled is intended to serve as a reference point for those hoping to understand how the countries of the region are progressing in the energy transition.<\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue.github.io\/EnergyTransitionAssets_new_EN\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700px\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thermoelectric energy, which is generated by the heat produced from burning fossil fuels, continues to be the most widespread in Latin America and the Caribbean, with almost 500 plants throughout the region. In at least 14 countries, thermal power plants were the main source of electricity in 2015, according to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sielac.olade.org\/WebForms\/Reportes\/InfogramaCapacidadInstaladaElectricidad.aspx?or=606&amp;ss=2&amp;v=3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the Latin American and Caribbean Electrical Information System (Sielac) run by the Latin American Energy Organization (Olade). In almost all others it was the second source.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some cases, these thermoelectric plants are an alternative to the other major energy source in the region: Water. Hydroelectricity is the dominant source as a share of the energy mix in seven countries and second in at least another ten. Hydroelectric generation is cleaner (leaving aside other<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/8453-america-latina-carece-de-conciencia-sobre-los-riesgos-climaticos\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socio-environmental<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">impacts and<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/8453-america-latina-carece-de-conciencia-sobre-los-riesgos-climaticos\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conflicts<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with constructors in many countries on the continent). This is because the capacity of hydropower plants to generate energy depends on the water levels of rivers and dams. In times of water stress, which have become more frequent in several countries due to climate change, this has meant turning on the thermal power plants.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;As we move forward with other solutions, the region must ask itself how to strike a balance between moving towards cleaner energy grids and maintaining the thermoelectric plants needed to provide backup power in countries,&#8221; says Giovanni Pab\u00f3n, a coal researcher and former coordinator of the Climate Change Mitigation Group at Colombia&#8217;s Ministry of Environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Some are already finding it. Chile decided to include biomass over coal in<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">its <a href=\"https:\/\/energia.gob.cl\/noticias\/aysen-del-general-carlos-ibanez-del-campo\/plan-de-descarbonizacion-proceso-historico-para-chile\">long-term vision<\/a>, to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">keep the ones it already has and explore other renewable alternatives. Both Costa Rica and Uruguay have grids that, several months of the year, are 100% renewable&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are also differences between the various fossil fuels used to generate electricity. Many thermoelectric plants have been favouring or converting to natural gas, which generates fewer emissions than coal, is abundant in the region and is \u2018bridging fuel\u2019 that can assist in the transition.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>274<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nthermoelectric plants in Latin America run on natural gas<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In our mapping we found at least 274 plants that run on natural gas as the main fuel, and 75 that still run on coal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cost of this form of energy production is high. Emissions from all thermoelectric plants in Latin America over their lifetime &#8211; something that industry observers call &#8216;committed emissions&#8217; &#8211; total 6.9 gigatonnes of carbon, according to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/spanish\/document\/Las_emisiones_comprometidas_y_el_riesgo_de_activos_abandonados_en_el_sector_el%C3%A9ctrico_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe.pdf\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a study by<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) last year. Other plants planned, approved, or under construction would add a further 6.7 gigatonnes and emit a combined total of 13.6 gigatonnes, putting the region well above its mitigation commitments under the Paris Agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, our mapping shows that at least 100 of the thermal power plants active in the region were inaugurated in the last decade, including 10 coal-based ones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This shows that, although most countries have been making commitments on how to cut emissions in the electricity sector, in practice they are still betting on thermal energy over other options such as solar, wind or hydro, which<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/spanish\/document\/Las_emisiones_comprometidas_y_el_riesgo_de_activos_abandonados_en_el_sector_el%C3%A9ctrico_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe.pdf\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">went from<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> accounting for 58% of regional electricity generation in 2009 to 50% in 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This map shows many of the power plants that Latin American and Caribbean countries &#8211; rich in fossil fuel deposits but highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change &#8211; will have to consider at what point to cut their losses on them and favour greener alternatives.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We built this database by cross-checking information from state sources, operating companies, industrial guilds and press releases. Some of the more complete records include: <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secretar\u00eda de Energ\u00eda y Compa\u00f1\u00eda Administradora del Mercado Mayorista El\u00e9ctrico Sociedad An\u00f3nima (Cammesa) in Argentina, Ministerio de Energ\u00edas in Bolivia, Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica (Aneel) in Brazil, Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n El\u00e9ctrico Colombiano (Siel) and Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional de Empresas Generadoras (Andeg) in Colombia, Ministerio de Energ\u00eda and Coordinador El\u00e9ctrico Nacional in Chile, Corporaci\u00f3n El\u00e9ctrica del Ecuador (Celec) and Ministry of Energy in Ecuador, Energy Regulatory Commission, Federal Commission of Electricity and Secretariat of Energy in Mexico, Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Electricidad (Ande) in Paraguay, Ministry of Energy and Mines in Peru, Direcci\u00f3n General de Energ\u00eda y Administrador del Mercado El\u00e9ctrico (Adme) in Uruguay, and Corporaci\u00f3n El\u00e9ctrica Nacional (Corpoelec) and Transparency International in Venezuela. <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empresa Nacional de Energ\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica en Honduras,<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ministerio de Energ\u00eda y Minas de Guatemala, Ministerio de Energ\u00eda y Minas en Panam\u00e1, Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, Superintendencia General de Electricidad y Telecomunicaciones en El Salvador <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reporting by Emilio Godoy, Suchit Ch\u00e1vez, Tatiana Pardo Ibarra, Jeanfreddy Guti\u00e9rrez, Leonardo Coelho, Karina Godoy, Dami\u00e1n Profeta and Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Li\u00e9vano, with support from Rob Soutar, Ferm\u00edn Koop, Alejandra Cu\u00e9llar and Manuela Andreoni. Map designed by Julia Janicki.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Di\u00e1logo Chino&#8217;s new interactive map plots all Latin America&#8217;s fossil-fuel based power plants as countries embark on an energy transition<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000311,"featured_media":50038261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[520,17073,547,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50041231,50000021,50000024,50000025,50000023,50041625,50007635,50006305,50003622,50002596,50002597,50002600,50002601],"class_list":["post-50038222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-coal","tag-energy-transition","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-renewables","country-argentina","country-belize","country-brazil","country-chile","country-colombia","country-costa-rica","country-dominica","country-dominican-republic","country-el-salvador","country-guatemala-2","country-honduras","country-mexico","country-paraguay","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&#039;Stranded&#039; power? 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