{"id":50039523,"date":"2021-01-27T12:24:11","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T12:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=39523"},"modified":"2022-12-02T11:42:03","modified_gmt":"2022-12-02T11:42:03","slug":"39488-china-steps-up-coronavirus-testing-and-controls-for-south-american-beef","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/39488-china-steps-up-coronavirus-testing-and-controls-for-south-american-beef\/","title":{"rendered":"China steps up Covid testing and controls for South American beef"},"content":{"rendered":"

Last year, the coronavirus pandemic<\/span> disrupted<\/span><\/a> beef production across the world, as workers fell ill and plants were temporarily shut. In South America, outbreaks were reported at processing facilities in Brazil and Argentina, while workers in Uruguay went on <\/span>strike<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Just as operations began to normalise, producers encountered a new challenge as China started detecting coronavirus in beef imports. The latest wave of such reports<\/span> occurred<\/span><\/a> in November, when various Chinese cities said they had found the virus on beef sourced from Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina. A similar series of reports over the summer resulted in the temporary suspension of exports from 9 processing plants in<\/span> Brazil<\/span><\/a> and 7 in<\/span> Argentina<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

58%<\/p>\n

\n
\nof the Braziian beef exports go to China
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

In addition to the bans, Chinese authorities have also<\/span> imposed<\/span><\/a> strict testing requirements which have disrupted trade and created uncertainty for both suppliers and importers. The issue is not limited to South America, as China has<\/span> reportedly<\/span><\/a> found coronavirus in over 40 batches of meat samples from more than a dozen countries. Besides beef, the country also<\/span> claims<\/span><\/a> to have found the virus on shrimp from Ecuador, white fish from India and Myanmar, salmon from Norway, crab from Chile, and squid from Russia, among others.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recently, however, trade partners have begun to<\/span> push back<\/span><\/a>, claiming the concerns are unfounded, denouncing the negative impact on trade, and questioning the Chinese government\u2019s true intent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Growing concern amongst South American beef producers<\/span><\/h2>\n

In recent years, China has become South America\u2019s largest buyer of beef, accounting for an estimated 75% and 58% of<\/span> Argentina<\/span><\/a> and<\/span> Brazil\u2019s<\/span><\/a> exports, respectively. Although trade has remained<\/span> robust<\/span><\/a> during the pandemic, producers are starting to worry about Chinese authorities\u2019 increased scrutiny and testing of imported meat.<\/span><\/p>\n

The measures implemented by China<\/span> include<\/span><\/a> ‘complete elimination’ and ‘strict refusal of entry’ of any products suspected to have had contact with the virus. Exporters whose products test positive face a week-long ban, extended to a month for offenders with three strikes or more. Further to this, in early November, China’s State Council established a plan requiring comprehensive disinfection measures for imported foods before workers are exposed during handling.<\/span><\/p>\n

In supermarkets, some imported meat now displays a sticker declaring it to be virus-free, and other products contain a QR code through which consumers can access information such as country of origin and quarantine inspection certificates.<\/span><\/p>\n

These measures have so far resulted in the suspension of imports from 99 suppliers across 20 countries, including those from Argentina and Brazil.<\/span><\/p>\n

2020 was practically a lost year for the industry.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

One of the latest such bans<\/span> involves<\/span><\/a> Gorina, an Argentinian beef processor, whose exports to China have been halted for 4 weeks, after authorities in Nanjing detected coronavirus on the packaging of Gorina\u2019s products. Prior to the ban, Gorina was one of Argentina\u2019s largest beef exporters,<\/span> shipping<\/span><\/a> between 2,500 and 3,000 tons of beef per month to China, which represented between 55% and 60% of its total sales.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat happened in 2020 was very concerning, it was practically a lost year for the industry,\u201d says Ignacio Harris, Manager and Technical Director at the Argentine Association of Angus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although Gorina is cooperating with Chinese authorities, some Argentinian industry participants are skeptical about the accusations, and<\/span> speculate<\/span><\/a> that the true intent of the controls is to restrict trade and drive down prices. <\/span><\/p>\n

“The changes in the Chinese market have caused fluctuations in the volumes of meat exported by Argentina, but undoubtedly the main change has been in prices\u201d, says Mario Ravettino, President of the Consortium of Argentine Meat Exporters. \u201cThe price of frozen boneless meats exported to China decreased by 34% if we compare the prices of October to the ones at the end of last year.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Negative long-term implications post-Covid-19 in China<\/span><\/h2>\n

China\u2019s suspicions over food imports show no signs of abating, with the latest coronavirus case involving Brazilian beef<\/span> reported<\/span><\/a> as recently as January 3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Inspection requirements have already led to a noticeable drop in beef availability in China, with supermarkets<\/span> reporting<\/span><\/a> shortages due to logistical delays caused by testing. Importers are also placing fewer orders due to higher costs to meet customs requirements, and the risk of losing entire shipments in case of a positive test.<\/span><\/p>\n

As long as the coronavirus is not fully eliminated in producing countries, the Chinese government is likely to maintain heightened testing requirements. Authorities even found traces of the virus from beef imported from New Zealand, which had largely eliminated local transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n

A \u201cnew normal\u201d with protracted restrictions on trade could result in lower volumes and prices for South American suppliers, as purchasers turn to domestic sources of protein, such as pork and poultry, which may be deemed safer. Countries with lower coronavirus transmission such as Australia and New Zealand could also be favoured.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beyond the immediate effect on trade, producers are also concerned about the long-term reputational impact on South American beef. Chinese consumers have historically been highly sensitive to food safety, following a<\/span> series<\/span><\/a> of high-profile scandals involving everything from baby formula to cooking oil.  <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"customers
A string of food scandals in recent decades has made Chinese consumers highly sensitive to food safety issues (Image: Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

While imported products have been traditionally seen as safer, higher-quality alternatives than their domestic counterparts, this perception has shifted in recent months as authorities stepped up their coronavirus testing campaign. Countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay had painstakingly built the reputation of their beef over many years, positioning it as a safe and premium product.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBefore the pandemic, for six straight years, we went to the yearly international meat exhibition held in Shanghai to promote Argentine Angus beef\u201d, says Harris. \u201cIt\u2019s incredible to see how the Chinese importer and consumer changed over those six years, realising that there is a true difference in the quality of our meat.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nonetheless, Harris is hopeful that the new controls and restrictions will only be temporary.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t think that the Chinese government will keep implementing these controls for much longer, because they aren\u2019t founded on real scientific evidence,\u201d he says. \u201cChina needs to eat, it needs protein.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Skepticism from the international community<\/span><\/h2>\n

The scientific evidence behind China\u2019s findings has been<\/span> widely<\/span><\/a> questioned by overseas experts and governments, with some<\/span> suggesting<\/span><\/a> that the accusations are part of a broader campaign to obscure the origins of Covid-19.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,<\/span> said recently<\/span><\/a> that instead of having originated in Wuhan, the coronavirus could have entered China through imported seafood or meat and their packaging.<\/span><\/p>\n

This claim is being increasingly echoed by other Chinese officials and media outlets. The Global Times, a nationalistic tabloid backed by the government, recently published a major<\/span> investigation<\/span><\/a> titled \u201cCould cold-chain imports have sparked Wuhan early Covid-19 outbreak?\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nonetheless, in a<\/span> statement<\/span><\/a> to The Associated Press, the World Health Organisation said cases of live viruses being found on packaging appear to be \u201crare and isolated\u201d and that while the virus can \u201csurvive a long time under cold storage conditions,\u201d there is no evidence of people contracting Covid-19 from consuming food.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pushback by China\u2019s trade partners is also<\/span> increasing<\/span><\/a>. Canada has brought a complaint to the World Trade Organisation, while New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern publicly questioned China\u2019s findings. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"The
The World Health Organization has stated that there is no evidence of people contracting Covid-19 by consuming food (Image: Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>In August, the city of Shenzhen said it found traces of the coronavirus on chicken wings imported from Brazil. However, the Brazilian agriculture ministry said that local authorities were not able to provide any evidence supporting their claims.<\/span><\/p>\n

The lack of evidence provided by Chinese authorities is one of the main sources of skepticism from the international community.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI have serious doubts about what China is reporting. There are a lot of technical questions – like which type of testing kit they\u2019re using – that they haven\u2019t answered,\u201d says Gerardo Leotta, Clinical and Industrial Bacteriologist, and researcher at the CONICET, Argentina\u2019s National Scientific and Technical Research Council.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe have to remember that the main means of transmission of this virus is between humans. We recently did a study in which we found that the likelihood of someone getting sick through a virus that\u2019s on imported food or its packaging is one in a trillion\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the meantime, no other major importers have reported similar findings to those of China.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat we are seeing happening in China is what the WHO calls an infodemic, the spread of misleading or fabricated news\u201d, says Leotta. \u201cThe way we can combat this is through truthful, science-based information that reaches consumers\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South-American beef producers complain about increased controls by China, which has recently found coronavirus in beef imports<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":50039557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763],"tags":[50029579,20000838,546,600],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50000021,20000110,50002602],"class_list":["post-50039523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","tag-beef","tag-covid-19","tag-food-security","tag-trade","country-argentina","country-brazil","country-china","country-uruguay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina steps up Covid testing and controls for South American beef | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Beef producers in South America complain over increased scrutiny by China, which are likely here to stay until the pandemic is 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