{"id":50039830,"date":"2021-02-09T17:59:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T17:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=39830"},"modified":"2022-10-21T19:20:18","modified_gmt":"2022-10-21T18:20:18","slug":"39830-argentine-municipalities-embrace-agroecology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/39830-argentine-municipalities-embrace-agroecology\/","title":{"rendered":"Argentine municipalities embrace agroecology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The global climate crisis has made the debate about the ways food is produced and consumed around the world ever more urgent, with agribusiness at its centre. In response, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/agricultura-es\/35279-suelos-sin-nutrientes-llevan-a-argentina-a-la-agroecologia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agroecology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; a method that replaces chemical pesticides with bio-inputs and genetically-modified seeds with organic equivalents &#8211; has expanded in countries such as Argentina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2016, a group of agronomists, doctors and socio-environmental leaders created Argentina\u2019s National Network of Agroecological Municipalities (<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.renama.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), encouraging more and more localities to adopt a production model that respects human health and the environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Agroecology is not just a technique for producing food, but a way of understanding how human beings interact with nature,&#8221; said Eduardo Cerd\u00e1, one of the network&#8217;s founders and Argentina\u2019s current national director of agroecology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although less than five years old, today Renama is already a network that spans 34 Argentinean localities (plus one Uruguayan and one Spanish) and brings together 180 producers who work 100,000 hectares of land according to an agroecological paradigm. Some 85 technicians provide expert assistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Agroecology in Zavalla: a commune in transition<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small and neat, Zavalla is a commune of 7,000 inhabitants in the south of the province of Santa Fe, the heart of Argentina\u2019s agricultural Pampa. Like all rural towns, one street separates low houses from the cultivated fields, which until a few years ago were inundated by agrochemical spraying machines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result of widespread protests at the exposure to agrochemicals, the municipality advanced legislation that in 2011 prohibited application in a peri-urban buffer zone of 800 metres from residential areas. The measure caused unease among farmers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;It was very difficult to implement and it was controlled by a traffic inspector. But it was the starting point that began to change everything,&#8221; said Guillermo Rajmil, who has been head of the municipality since 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_39837\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39837\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39837 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/agroeco01-4_pte_comunal-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Guillermo Rajmil\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermo Rajmil, the head of the municipality, stands at the city hall (Image: Celina Mutti Lovera)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The commune first carried out a pilot agroecology test on a four-hectare plot, growing lettuce, rocket and courgettes, among other crops. But the farmers were not used to this new way of working, so early results were not promising.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But everything changed when they joined Renama in 2019. Through an environmental tax on the community, the municipality began to subsidise producers prepared to change their way of working, offering a fixed monthly amount. In 2020, subsidies totalled 1,200,000 Argentine pesos. (US$13,760).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The transition to agroecology was gradual. We started by replacing pesticides and reducing doses. Then we reduced the number of applications until we no longer used them and incorporated other technologies such as diversified production and polycultures,&#8221; said Roxana Schonfeld, a member of a family of agroecological producers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>A network that grows ground up<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renama was born out of a desire by doctors, lawyers and agronomists to promote a socially and environmentally sustainable agricultural model. They wanted an alternative to the agro-industrial model promoted since the mid-1990s in Argentina, which is based on genetically modified seeds and agrochemicals and whose star crop is <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/es-es\/24399-la-soja-expande-la-deforestacion-en-argentina\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soy.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to provide a space for farmers, agronomists, academics and municipalities willing to transition towards agroecology. This is a growing trend in Argentina, according to Cerd\u00e1, a pioneer in the field. He is backed-up by official statistics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data from the latest <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cna2018.indec.gob.ar\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Agricultural Census<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows there are 2,324 agro-ecological farms in Argentina, out of an estimated 250,000 farms nationwide.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>2%<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nof farms in Argentina work the land in an \"unconventional\" way, without using chemical pesticides<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If organic (not using GMOs) or biodynamic (a specific method of ecological agriculture) farms are included to the list, there are 5,277 units that work in a &#8220;nonconventional&#8221; way. This is equivalent to one out of every 50 farms in Argentina. The census only specifies the number of units, but not their size.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Cerd\u00e1, the popularity of agroecology is not surprising.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;In recent years, many actors have appeared who understand that the conventional model has environmental shortcomings and increasing costs, because it uses dollarised inputs,\u201d he said. \u201cIt is not necessary to improve the cosmetic appearance of the model, but rather to change the paradigm by understanding the relationship between humans and nature.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vast majority of the 100,000 hectares of agroecological plots under Renama&#8217;s guidance are located in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, C\u00f3rdoba, Entre R\u00edos and San Luis, and grow extensive crops, including pasture for livestock, wheat, maize, oats, barley, rye and even some soy. A very small portion of the land is <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/es-es\/35075-argentina-apunta-a-china-con-sus-alimentos-organicos\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">devoted to horticulture.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Healthy, profitable and local<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vast majority of the 150 hectares dedicated to agroecological production in Zavalla cultivate extensive crops such as maize or wheat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The local government\u2019s idea is to add value to production. They want a mill for grinding organic flour, a bio foods factory and to prepare vegetables for sale. They already have a shop in the centre of the village that sells their produce.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_39841\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39841\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39841 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/agroeco01-47-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"person on a bicycle in front of an agroecological store\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39841\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The agroecological store of Zavalla (Image: Celina Mutti Lovera)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melina Pereyra works in the business, which opened its doors in the middle of last year that is committed to providing healthy and local food, even under the challenge of doing so during the pandemic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;We sell everything a family needs to eat healthily: cereals, pulses, vegetables and seasonal fruit and vegetables grown in the commune&#8217;s gardens,&#8221; she said, adding that in addition to selling products, they also provide &#8220;activism and information&#8221; on healthy eating.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Agroecology and profitability in Argentina<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agroecological production includes a range of practices that differentiate it from conventional production. One of its cornerstones is the design and management of farming systems that minimise external resources such as fertilisers, seeds, agrochemicals and fuel, and instead prioritise the ecological relationships that occur within the system itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;It is important to achieve a balance between income and nutrients. Production units must be seen as complex and self-sustaining ecosystems,&#8221; Cerd\u00e1 explained.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soil care and the prevention and natural control of pests are high priorities. Methods for achieving this include the use of biological corridors, refuge areas, the use of biopreparations (pest controls derived from natural organisms), repellent plants and the conservation of natural predators.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question of whether these methods can deliver profit to farmers comes up time and again and it is often cited as the main argument against the ecological paradigm. For Cerd\u00e1, it has already been demonstrated that agroecology can be done on a large scale and be profitable: &#8220;It is a way of working that has no limits&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_39833\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39833\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39833 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/agroecology-Argentina-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Wheat crops \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39833\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wheat crops in the municipality of Zavalla in Argentina (Image: Celina Mutti Lovera)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Claudio Ben\u00edtez, an agronomist from Renama who advised Zavalla, demonstrates this with numbers. Last season they made 50 tonnes of agroecological wheat in the town. Profits were twice that of production costs, while with conventional wheat, which they used to farm before turning to agroecology, the costs exceeded profits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;We noticed that with agroecology, yields are more stable and costs are much lower, as there is almost no dependence on dollarised inputs such as agrochemicals or seeds. We use less expensive technologies that totally change the equation,&#8221; Ben\u00edtez said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For producers, technical assistance is key.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Without his help it would be cumbersome, as it is something new for us,&#8221; the Schonfeld family said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the change of government at the end of 2019, Argentina made agroecology a state policy through the creation of a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.revistainternos.com.ar\/2020\/08\/se-oficializo-la-creacion-de-la-direccion-nacional-de-agroecologia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Agroecology Directorate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which Cerd\u00e1 heads. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the first time, the state itself will be in charge of deepening and promoting a production model that differs from the industrial one. Though its implementation has been delayed by the pandemic, Cerd\u00e1 is optimistic about the prospects. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;It formalises a form of production that is already carried out but that had not yet been recognised by the state, which sees it as an increasingly strong trend,\u201d he said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A network of municipalities in Argentina is reimagining an agricultural production model based on industrial inputs, encouraging a new relationship between farming, food and nature <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":50039846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763],"tags":[50029567,514,17827,50040317],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020],"class_list":["post-50039830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food","tag-agroforestry","tag-chemicals","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-farming","country-argentina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Argentine municipalities embrace agroecology | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A farming network in Argentina is reimagining farming through agroecology, encouraging a new relationship between farming, food and nature\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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