{"id":50042377,"date":"2021-04-22T16:28:58","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T15:28:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=42377"},"modified":"2022-11-09T20:21:23","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T20:21:23","slug":"42377-historic-escazu-agreement-enters-into-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/42377-historic-escazu-agreement-enters-into-force\/","title":{"rendered":"Historic Escaz\u00fa Agreement enters into force"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/30927-en-que-va-el-acuerdo-de-escazu\/\">Escaz\u00fa Agreement<\/a>, the first regional environmental agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean, is officially operational today after ratification by <a href=\"https:\/\/observatoriop10.cepal.org\/es\/tratados\/acuerdo-regional-acceso-la-informacion-la-participacion-publica-acceso-la-justicia-asuntos\">12 countries in the region<\/a>. Its implementation will guarantee access to environmental information, help protect environmental defenders and ensure public participation in environmental decisions.<\/p>\n<p>The agreement was approved in 2018 by the UN\u2019s Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) after a six-year negotiation process. Its activation required the ratification of at least 11 countries, a goal that was surpassed in late 2020 with the ratification of <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/37598-con-argentina-a-bordo-el-acuerdo-de-escazu-esta-a-una-ratificacion-de-ser-realidad\/\">Argentina and Mexico.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>12<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\ncountries have already ratified the Escaz\u00fa Agreement<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p>\u201cEscaz\u00fa is a response from the region with a set of common problems from the loss of biodiversity to the problems of exercising rights,\u201d said Andr\u00e9s N\u00e1poli, executive director of the Fundaci\u00f3n Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN) in Argentina.<\/p>\n<p>The agreement opened the door to complex internal discussions at the national level, even among countries that had originally promoted it, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/38525-el-camino-que-llevo-a-chile-de-impulsar-del-acuerdo-de-escazu-a-negarse-a-firmarlo\/\">Chile<\/a>, Peru and Costa Rica, which have not yet ratified it. However, civil society members that have followed the negotiation of the agreement in stalling countries hope their governments will soon sign up.<\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ImQfCIgNPlA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p>The agreement details the objectives of guaranteeing the \u201cfull and effective implementation of the rights of access to environmental information, public participation and access to justice\u201d. In addition, it seeks to strengthen capacities and cooperation, contributing to the protection of the right to live in a healthy environment.<\/p>\n<p>Among the most <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/actividades-extractivas-es\/39282-a-la-espera-de-escazu-america-latina-latina-enfrenta-brechas-ambientales\/\">urgent problems<\/a> in Latin America are impunity for crimes against environmental defenders, the lack of consultation with communities about the possible impacts of large development projects, and difficulties in accessing environmental information. All of this is expected to be addressed by Escaz\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It is a very important tool for the defence of our territories,&#8221; said Berlin Diques, president of the regional organisation Aidesep Ucayali (ORAU) of Peru. \u201cEscaz\u00fa can generate big changes. Without this instrument, there is social and environmental instability in the country.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese are very critical moments with the assassinations of indigenous leaders,&#8221; he added.<\/p>\n<h2>Escaz\u00fa: More protection for environmental defenders<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-42392\" role=\"img\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/English-1.svg\" alt=\"timeline showing progress on the escaz\u00fa agreement\" width=\"450\" height=\"1125\" \/>Latin America ranks first in the risks to environmental defenders. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/es\/blog-es\/colombia-leads-number-killings-2019-global-witness-reports-es\/\">latest report<\/a> by the NGO Global Witness, 212 environmental defenders were murdered around the world in 2019. Two-thirds of cases occurred in Latin America. Colombia led the ranking with a record high 64 killings.<\/p>\n<p>Experts agree that Escaz\u00fa has the potential to reduce conflicts that lead to the murders of activists in the region. By giving legitimacy to environmental defenders, the agreement should be able to play an important role in ending environmental conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>Marcos Orellana, the UN special rapporteur on toxics and human rights, said that this type of recognition is crucial in a region where social leaders are attacked with impunity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey are classified as anti-development and that is very dangerous. This is how the attack and the threats are justified,\u201d said Orellana. &#8220;The agreement recognises the importance of the work of environmental defenders for a healthy environment, for democracy and for human rights and establishes specific obligations.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Aida Gamboa, coordinator of the Amazon program for the NGO Law, Environment and Natural Resources (DAR) of Peru, said that the access to information that Escaz\u00fa allows is a crucial aspect to create an informed citizenry that can organise and make decisions in relation to the environment.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Escaz\u00fa is the hope that change is possible for Latin America. It is a triumph for the communities and civil society<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;Escaz\u00fa is innovative in all its pillars and proposes a regional standard so that all countries can effectively promote these rights,\u201d Gamboa said. \u201cCountries that do not have a law on access to environmental information should develop one or update it, as in the case of Peru, where the law was approved <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elaw.org\/eialaw\/peru\">15 years ago<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While ratification of the agreement represents an important tool for environmental and human rights defenders to hold governments accountable, its success will also depend on the political will of the countries that sign it. Therefore, civil society organisations will closely monitor its implementation.<\/p>\n<p>Lina Mu\u00f1oz, a Colombian lawyer specialising in environmental law, maintains that ratification is only a starting point. Now it will be necessary to advance on each of the points of the agreement at the national level.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are simpler issues, like creating a standard environmental participation law that can be adapted to countries that do not yet have one. But there are other more complex ones that will require more time, such as strengthening the capacities of judicial authorities in environmental matters,\u201d said Mu\u00f1oz.<\/p>\n<h2>Countries yet to get on board with Escaz\u00fa<\/h2>\n<p>In Peru, Guatemala, Brazil and Colombia, the governments have not ratified the agreement, citing concerns about sovereignty, legal uncertainty and commercial interests. The governments of Chile, El Salvador and Honduras have even refused to even sign it.<\/p>\n<p>While <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/es\/clima-y-energia-es\/20448-firmar-el-convenio-de-escazu-el-primer-paso-de-chile-como-sede-de-la-cop25\/\">Chile<\/a> led the Escaz\u00fa negotiations under the left-wing government of Michelle Bachelet, the current conservative administration of President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era has backtracked. In Peru, another country that led the negotiations, the progress of the agreement has stalled because of a long-running political crisis.<\/p>\n<p>Among demonstrators&#8217; demands as they took to the streets in Colombia in late 2019 to protest against President Iv\u00e1n Duque, were calls for the conservative leader to sign the Escaz\u00fa agreement. He did so in December that year, making Colombia the last country to join the pact. Yet, both houses of Congress must now pass it now before it faces a Constitutional Court review.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Escaz\u00fa is innovative in all its pillars and proposes a regional standard so that all countries can effectively promote these rights<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Organisations that promote the agreement link its rejection in some countries to disinformation campaigns that scared the population and spread throughout the region. The agreement does not limit the sovereignty of countries or economic development. Each country will be in charge of implementing the agreement according to its own legal system.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There are groups that see in this participatory process of sustainable development a challenge to the way in which decisions have been made in the past. They prefer to maintain an order based on vertical expressions of authority,&#8221; said Orellana. &#8220;The standards of the agreement are very reasonable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In any case, experts agree that when seen in operation, the agreement will overcome such arguments and will lead to more signatures and ratifications. Full and effective implementation of Escaz\u00fa could be the sign of a new dynamic for the region in the defence and promotion of sustainable development, they argue.<\/p>\n<p>Natalia G\u00f3mez Pe\u00f1a, advocacy officer for the NGO C\u00edvicus, said the entry into force of the agreement represents a significant victory in the campaign for environmental democracy: \u201cEscaz\u00fa is the hope that change is possible for Latin America. It is a triumph for the communities and civil society.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The agreement, already ratified by 12 countries, could help protect environmental defenders in the region from life-threatening attacks<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000004,"featured_media":50042413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[502,527,50041623,50003602],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50000021,50000024,50000025,50000023,50002597,50002601],"class_list":["post-50042377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-activism","tag-crime","tag-environmental-defenders","tag-human-rights","country-argentina","country-brazil","country-chile","country-colombia","country-costa-rica","country-mexico","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized 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