{"id":50044139,"date":"2021-06-30T13:46:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T12:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=44139"},"modified":"2023-01-18T19:18:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T19:18:43","slug":"44139-latin-americas-unique-biodiversity-can-help-kickstart-post-covid-recovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/44139-latin-americas-unique-biodiversity-can-help-kickstart-post-covid-recovery\/","title":{"rendered":"Latin America\u2019s unique biodiversity can help kickstart post-Covid recovery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting and restoring natural areas in Latin America, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/gbo\/gbo4\/outlook-grulac-en.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">home to 50%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the planet\u2019s biodiversity and over a quarter of its forests, could help the region achieve a \u2018green\u2019 post-pandemic recovery and meet biodiversity conservation targets, experts say. Doing so could even create thousands of jobs in key economic sectors such as agriculture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economic crisis resulting from Covid-19 has left Latin American countries struggling. Many of them also have high levels of debt. The region\u2019s GDP dropped 7.7% in 2020 and is not expected to return to pre-pandemic levels until 2024, according to the UN\u2019s Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/en\/pressreleases\/latin-america-and-caribbean-will-have-positive-growth-2021-it-will-not-be-enough#:~:text=The%20Latin%20America%20and%20the,pandemic%20(in%202019)%2C%20ECLAC\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ECLAC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>64<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nmillion jobs in Latin America rely directly on ecosystem services<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries have been urged to use the crisis as an opportunity to kickstart a green recovery. This means not only reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also preserving the natural capital upon which Latin America relies for its economic growth. Approximately <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/english\/document\/Jobs-in-a-Net-Zero-Emissions-Future-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">64 million jobs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the region are estimated to rely directly on ecosystem services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cInstead of a trade-off, the interdependence of economic well-being and nature can present an enormous opportunity. A range of <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/en\/climate-energy\/32794-nature-based-solutions-can-drag-down-global-ghg-emissions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nature-based solutions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exist that can help address the crisis of nature,\u201d said\u00a0 Manuel Pulgar Vidal, global leader of climate &amp; energy at WWF. \u201cThis includes restoring forests, practicing <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/en\/agriculture\/25826-can-silvopastoral-farming-benefit-consumers-cattle-and-the-climate\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agroecology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or even planting urban forests.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Still, this has proven challenging. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/recuperacionverde.com\/es\/tracker\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A preliminary analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the UN showed Latin American countries have so far spent US$318 billion on covid-19 recovery packages, of which only 2.2% was destined for so-called \u2018green\u2019 initiatives, such as clean energy and electric public transport.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Latin America: a biodiversity superpower<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Latin America houses <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/gbo\/gbo4\/outlook-grulac-en.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">three of the top five<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> countries with the most bird, amphibian, mammal, reptilian, fish and plant life. The Amazon basin alone is the cradle of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wwf.panda.org\/knowledge_hub\/where_we_work\/amazon\/about_the_amazon\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the world\u2019s biodiversity. These are only the known species. From the grasslands of Uruguay to the Mesoamerican coral reef, the region is vitally important for global biodiversity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sadly, there have been rapid declines in species as extinction rates rise. This has been in part due to habitat loss and agricultural expansion and intensification. Meanwhile, a high dependency on natural resources for export revenues also leads to vegetation removal and water and soil pollution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biodiversity loss in Latin America has been far more significant than in any other region with an average decline of vertebrate populations of 94% between 1970 and 2016, according to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wwf.panda.org\/es\/campanas_ambientales\/ipv2020\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WWF\u2019s Living Planet Report 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Half the decline was linked to land use change, including soil degradation and habitat loss.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeannette S\u00e1nchez, head of the natural resources division at ECLAC, said the pandemic has further worsened the situation, as governments are spending less on environmental protection to obtain as much income as possible from their natural resources. But this doesn\u2019t have to be the norm and she calls for a reimagined relationship with biodiversity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThere are many examples across Latin America of how natural resources can be used sustainably while generating further employment, such as with marine protected areas. But they are still small-scale and should be further expanded. A political commitment and long-term vision are needed to make this happen,\u201d she added.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It\u2019s a critical moment for Latin America. The region can transition to a different relationship with nature, establishing green and blue economies based on natural capital<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAgriculture and livestock\u201d and \u201cprocessing of food, drinks, and tobacco\u201d are the sectors with the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/english\/document\/Jobs-in-a-Net-Zero-Emissions-Future-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highest number<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of workers that rely on ecosystem services in the region, with more than 40 million and 10 million workers, respectively. Other sectors that depend on so-called natural capital are textiles, chemicals, paper and tourism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, the numbers could be much bigger. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/english\/document\/Jobs-in-a-Net-Zero-Emissions-Future-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) last year found that plant-based agriculture could employ 19 million more full-time workers by 2030. Another 60,000 jobs would be created in the forestry sector.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ana Sanchez, a green job specialist for Latin America at the International Labour Organization (ILO), said the region could create new jobs while protecting its natural capital through ecosystem restoration, agroecology and green infrastructure. But this requires governments to break from business-as-usual, she added.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThey have to acknowledge that many of the jobs in Latin America currently depend on nature. This would help to drive policies in the right direction,\u201d S\u00e1nchez said. \u201cThere are many places in the region where mining or fossil fuels are the only job creating industries. And this shouldn\u2019t necessarily be the case.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Nature-based solutions<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Latin American governments now have an opportunity to design stimulus packages that simultaneously support nature, create employment and increase economic and climate resilience by integrating nature-based solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s a critical moment for Latin America. The region can transition to a different relationship with nature, establishing green and blue economies based on natural capital,\u201d said Juan Bello, advisor on healthy ecosystems to the UN\u2019s Environment Program (UNEP). \u201cGovernments have to value biodiversity as a source of wellbeing.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_emp\/documents\/publication\/wcms_757823.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> last year by the ILO and WWF argued that the greatest potential for job creation lies in natural capital investments by governments in both rural and urban settings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It highlighted inland and coastal ecosystem restoration, agroforestry, community-based ecosystem management and more marine reserves, as well as sustainable urban agriculture and the promotion of local markets.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Latin America has already been making progress in mainstreaming biodiversity into policies and public planning. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/ER.LND.PTLD.ZS\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Bank data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, at 23% the region already has a greater percentage of land under protected status than the world average of 14.7%. Significant progress has also been made on marine areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries such as Mexico and Costa Rica have also been among the first ones in the world to implement <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/english\/document\/Inputs-to-the-Dasgupta-Review-on-the-Economics-of-Biodiversity-Cases-from-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean-Part-1-Mainstreaming-of-Natural-Capital-and-Biodiversity-into-Planning-and-Decision-Making.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">payment for ecosystem services<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (PES), a market-based tool that provides economic incentives to providers of ecosystem services. It can support forest conservation initiatives as an alternative to protected areas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLatin America\u2019s leadership in restoring and mainstreaming biodiversity is essential,\u201d said Susan Gardner, director of UNEP\u2019s ecosystem division. \u201cThe region has to aim for a green recovery through a sustainable use of its biodiversity and the restoration of its degraded ecosystems.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Were it better protected, the region\u2019s massive natural capital could generate short-term economic benefits as well as long-term growth opportunities, experts say<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":50044144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523,20000838,50040749],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50002592,50000021,50000024,50000025,50002594,50002601,50002604],"class_list":["post-50044139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-covid-19","tag-livelihoods","country-argentina","country-bolivia","country-brazil","country-chile","country-colombia","country-ecuador","country-peru","country-venezuela"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Latin America\u2019s unique biodiversity can help kickstart post-Covid recovery | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta 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